Muscle Tissue

Histology Lab
Lecture 3
MUSCLE TISSUE
Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

 Muscle tissue is composed of cells
specialized for contraction
 contraction is caused by the movement

of myosin filaments along actin
filaments.
 The terms muscle cell and muscle

fiber are synonymous.

 Muscle is classified into three types
according to their structure(morphology) and
function:
-Skeletal muscle cells - striated, voluntary

control
-Cardiac muscle cells - striated, involuntary
control
-Smooth muscle cells - nonstriated,
involuntary control

Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells are called striated because they
show an alternating series of bands. The repeating arrangement of
their basic contractile unit, the sarcomere, produces these striations.

Skeletal muscle(organization)

Skeletal muscle
 Skeletal muscles are connected to bone (or
cartilage) by way of ligaments and produce all
movements of parts of the body.
- contains bundles of very Long cylindrical cells
- Multinucleated cells with many peripheral nuclei
- Striated muscle - exhibit cross-striations
- Voluntary control - innervated by the somatic
nervous system (motor neurons)
- Respond quickly to stimuli
- Satellite cells - skeletal muscle stem cells

Longitudinal sc Transverse sc

‫فكونوا وال تيأسوا‬

Cardiac muscle
 Cardiac muscle makes up the walls of the heart and
pumps blood throughout the body.
- Short, branched cells that form a syncytium (coupled by

gap junctions)
- Generally single centrally located nucleus (occasionally
binucleate)
- Striated muscle - exhibit cross-striations
- Intercalated discs join cells end-to-end
- Involuntary control - innervated by the autonomic nervous
system
- Automatic rhythmic contractions for life
- Long-lived cells

 A unique characteristic of cardiac
muscle is the presence of transverse
lines that cross the fibers at irregular
intervals where the myocardial cells join.
These intercalated discs represent the
interfaces between adjacent cells and
consist of many junctional complexes

Longitudinal SC Transverse cross SC

‫المفكر االسالمي ‪ ,‬رئيس البوسنة والهرسك األسبق ‪ :‬علي عزت‬
‫بيجوفتش‬
‫‪Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar‬‬

Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle is used by various systems to apply
pressure to organs (such as the stomach, intestines
and uterus) and blood vessels.
- Spindle-shaped(fusiform) cells of variable size
- Single centrally located nucleus
- Non-striated muscle - do not exhibit cross-striations
- Involuntary control - innervated by the autonomic
nervous system
 Responds slowly to stimuli and are capable of
long-time sustained contractions
 The uniform, nonstriated appearance gives rise to
the name smooth muscle.
Longitudinal SC SM
+
Transverse SC SM DICT : Dense irregular CT

Principles of nervous system

Motor neurons have the structure of a typical
neuron.
The cell body of a nerve cell (also called

the perikaryon or soma ) : is basically a cell nucleus
surrounded by cytoplasm(integrates incoming
signals from the dendrites)
most nerve cell bodies have a distinctive appearance.

* Nuclei of nerve cells are large, round and
euchromatic with a single prominent nucleolus.
Because of this distinctive nuclear appearance,
neurons are sometimes described as having "owl-
eye" nuclei or "fried-egg" nuclei.
* Cytoplasm of all but the smallest nerve cell bodies is
substantial and obviously basophilic, containing
characteristic basophilic masses of rough endoplasmic
reticulum that are traditionally called Nissl bodies
*In cases of neuronal injury, the perikaryon swells, the

nucleus becomes eccentric and Nissl bodies
disappear except peripherally (chromatolysis). This
response is called axon reaction
• *Dendrites - one or more branched processes
that receive stimuli and conduct impulses
toward the cell body
*Axon - single process that conducts nerve
impulses away from the cell body
Action potentials arise from the axon hillock
• *Axon is myelinated by oligodendrocytes in

the central nervous system (CNS) and
Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous
system (PNS).
*Synapse - end of axons that make
connections with target cells

Satellite glial cells : are located within
PNS ganglia, aggregated sensory or
autonomic neuronal cell bodies, where
they enclose each perikaryon and
regulate its microenvironment
(Potential contribution to pain)

Ganglia
A ganglion is an oval shaped collection of somas(cluster of neuronal cell
bodies) and their surrounding glial satellite cells supported by delicate
connective tissue and surrounded by a denser capsule.
Some major types of peripheral ganglia:
Dorsal root ganglia(sensory) :
Location: adjacent to the dorsal nerve root
Autonomic ganglia:
Location:
Sympathetic: sympathetic trunk, close to the spinal cord
Parasympathetic: near/within visceral organs
Characteristics:
Autonomic nerves effect the activity of smooth muscle, the
secretion of some glands, heart rate, and many other involuntary
activities by which the body maintains a constant internal
environment (homeostasis)
Enteric ganglia:
Location: wall of the GI tract
Characteristics:
Very small compared with other ganglia types
Lack connective tissue capsule
Parasympathetic Ganglion
and innervations

‫حوار مع صديقي الملحد ‪ ,‬د‪ .‬مصطفى محمود‬
‫‪Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar‬‬


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Histology Lab

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

 contraction is caused by the movement

 The terms muscle cell and muscle

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

-Skeletal muscle cells - striated, voluntary

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

- Short, branched cells that form a syncytium (coupled by

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

‫‪Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar‬‬

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

The cell body of a nerve cell (also called

most nerve cell bodies have a distinctive appearance.

*In cases of neuronal injury, the perikaryon swells, the

• *Axon is myelinated by oligodendrocytes in

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar

‫‪Dr Ali Abdlhay Abumunshar‬‬

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