Anatomy and Physiology:

Muscular System
Prepared by: Ms. Carodine Paguel
 Did you know?
It takes 17 muscles to smile and 42 muscles to frown.
Have your daily smile, everyone!
 The Muscular System
-Muscles are responsible for all movement of the body.

-There are three basic types of muscle.

A. Skeletal
B. Cardiac
C. Smooth
 Three Types of Muscles
Cardiac Muscle
01
Skeletal Muscle
02
Smooth Muscle
03
 01
Cardiac Muscle
Found only in the heart <3
 Cardiac Muscle
- Main muscle of the heart

- Pumping mass of the heart

- Critical in humans

- Heart always contracts to its full

extent

- Involuntary movement
 Structure of Cardiac Muscle
- Cardiac muscle cells (fibres) are short, branched and interconnected

- Cells are striated (highly organized tissues that convert chemical

energy to physical work) and usually have 1 nucleus

- Adjacent cardiac cells are joined via electrical synapses (gap

junctions)

- These gaps lines appear as dark lines and are called intercalated
discs.
Structure of Cardiac Muscle
Structure of Cardiac Muscle
02
Skeletal Muscle
Most are attached by tendons to bones
 Skeletal Muscle
-Cells have more than one nucleus (Multinucleated)

-Striated – have stripes, banding

- Voluntary Movement- subject to conscious control

- Tendons are mostly made of collagen fibers

- Found in limbs

- Produce movement, maintain posture, generate heat, stabilize joints

 Structure of Skeletal Muscle
-Each cell (fibre) is long and cylindrical
-Muscle fibres are multinucleated
-Typically 50-60 mm in diameter, and up to 10 cm long
-Contractible elements of skeletal muscle cells are myofibrils
 Naming Skeletal Muscles
-Each cell (fibre) is long and cylindrical
-Muscle fibres are multinucleated
-Typically 50-60 mm in diameter, and up to 10 cm long
-Contractible elements of skeletal muscle cells are myofibrils
03
Smooth Muscle
Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
 Smooth Muscle
-No striations

-Spindle shaped

-Single Nucleus
- Involuntary movement- no conscious control

- Found in longitudinal or circular arrangement

- Alternate contraction of circular and longitudinal muscle in the intestine

leads to peristalsis
 Structure of Smooth Muscle
- Spindle shaped uni-nucleated cells
- Striations not observed
- Actin and myosin filaments are present ( protein fibers)
Structure of Smooth Muscle
 Classification of Muscles
Skeletal- found in limbs Cardiac- found in heart Smooth- found in viscera

Striated, multi-nucleated Striated, 1 nucleus Not striated, 1 nucleus

Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary