Do now- GCSE CHECK:

Element Number Number Number Subatomic Charge Mass Location

of of of
Particle
protons electrons neutrons
Sodium       Proton

Oxide ion       Neutron

Electron
Sulfide ion      

Iron (III)       Key Word Definition

Fluorine       Element
Neon      

Aluminium ion       Ion

Silicon      

Hydrogen    

Radius (m) Isotope

Nucleus
Atom
Q- How many times bigger is an atom compared to a nucleus?
GCSE

A-Level
 Do now- GCSE CHECK:
Element Number Number Number Subatomic Charge Mass Location
of of of
Particle
protons electrons neutrons
Sodium 11  11   12 Proton +1 1 Nucleus

Oxide ion  8 10  8  Neutron 0 1 Nucleus

Electron -1 0 Shells
Sulfide ion  16 18  16 

Iron (III)  26 23  30  Key Word Definition

Fluorine  9 9  10  Element Made up of one type of atom

Neon 10  10  10 
Ion A charged atom. Metals form
Aluminium ion  13  10 14 
positive ions when they lose
electrons and non-metals form
negative ions when they gain
Silicon 14  14  14  electrons
Hydrogen  1  1 0
Isotope Forms of the same element that
Radius (m) contain equal numbers of protons
but different numbers of neutrons
Nucleus 1x10-14 in their nuclei, and hence differ in
relative atomic mass
Atom 1x10-10
Q- How many times bigger is an atom compared to a nucleus?
Learning Intention: To be able to describe electron Key Words
configuration of atoms and ions. Orbitals
Shells
Learning Outcomes: Sub-shells
Spin
- To review the structure of atoms and ions
- To describe orbitals and subshells
- To state the shapes of orbitals
- To describe the filling of orbitals
- Deduce the electron configuration of atoms and ions

Extension: Explain the atomic mass of chlorine.

GCSE:
Atomic Structure
Electron Configuration

Challenge: Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction between sodium and water
GCSE:
Atomic Structure
Electron Configuration

Challenge: Explain why the boiling point increases down group 0

A-Level
A-Level
Why would you not expect two electrons to be in an orbital?
Subshell Number Number Shell Subshells Number Number
of orbitals of of of
electrons orbitals electrons
s 1

p
2
d
3
f
4
Check Point
1. How many sub-shells does the first shell have?

2. How many sub-shells does the third energy level have?

3. How many electrons can an s-orbital hold?

4. How many electrons can a p subshell hold?

5. How many orbitals are in a d sub-shell?

6. How many electrons can a d-subshell hold?

7. How many electrons are in an f orbital?

8. How many electrons can fit in the third shell?

9. State the shape of an s orbital.

10. State the shape of a p orbital.

Learning Intention: To be able to describe electron Key Words
configuration of atoms and ions. Orbitals
Shells
Check Point Sub-shells
Spin
1. How many sub-shells does the first shell have? 1
2. How many sub-shells does the third energy level have? 3
3. How many electrons can an s-orbital hold? 2
4. How many electrons can a p subshell hold? 6
5. How many orbitals are in a d sub-shell? 5
6. How many electrons can a d-subshell hold? 10
7. How many electrons are in an f orbital? 2
8. How many electrons can fit in the third shell? 18
9. State the shape of an s orbital. Sphere
10.State the shape of a p orbital. Dumbbell
Learning Intention: To be able to describe electron Key Words
configuration of atoms and ions. Orbitals
Shells
Learning Outcomes: Sub-shells
Spin
- To review the structure of atoms and ions
- To describe orbitals and subshells
- To state the shapes of orbitals
- To describe the filling of orbitals
- Deduce the electron configuration of atoms and ions

Extension: Explain the atomic mass of chlorine.

Electron Configurations
Electron Configurations
Electron Configurations

• Electrons in boxes
Electron Configurations

• Sub-shell notation
• Shorthand notation
Electron Configurations

• Energy Level Diagram

Electron Configurations

• Energy Level Diagram

 Electron Configurations

Rules:
• Electrons fill the lowest energy sub-shells first (4s fills before the 3d
but write it down in order). Aufbau principle

• Electrons fill orbitals with the same energy singly before they start
sharing (due to repulsion).
Hund’s Rule

• When writing the electron configuration of ions in the s and p blocks

of the PT, add or remove an electron from the highest energy sub-
shell.

• When forming ions, electrons are lost from the 4s before the 3d
Oxide Ion
Phosphide
Ion
Fe(III) ion
Zn(III) ion
Chloride on
Check Point
True or False
1. The electron configuration of iron is
1s22s22p63s23p63d8
2. This represents Nitrogen

3. Electrons fill each orbital in a sub-shell singly

before pairing up.
4. The electron configuration of a Mg ion is
1s22s22p6
5. A p orbital holds 6 electrons.
6. The electron configuration of lithium is 1s22s22p3
7. Carbon is a p block element
8. The shorthand notation for calcium is [Kr]4s2
Learning Intention: To be able to describe Key Words
electron configuration of atoms and ions. Orbitals
Shells
True or False Check Point Sub-shells
Spin
1. The electron configuration of iron is
1s22s22p63s23p63d8
2. This represents Nitrogen

3. Electrons fill each orbital in a sub-shell singly

before pairing up.
4. The electron configuration of a Mg ion is
1s22s22p6
5. A p orbital holds 6 electrons.
6. The electron configuration of lithium is 1s22s22p3
7. Carbon is a p block element
8. The shorthand notation for calcium is [Kr]4s2
 Key Words
Orbitals
Shells
Sub-shells
Spin
There are two main
exceptions to
electron
configuration: 
chromium and
copper.
In these cases, a
completely full or
half full d sub-level
is more stable than
a partially filled d
sub-level.
Write the electron
configurations for
these elements.
 Key Words
Orbitals
Shells
Sub-shells
Spin
There are two main
exceptions to
electron
configuration: 
chromium and
copper.
In these cases, a
completely full or
half full d sub-level
is more stable than
a partially filled d
sub-level.
Write the electron
configurations for
these elements.
 Key Words
Orbitals
Shells
Sub-shells
Spin
There are two main
exceptions to
electron
configuration: 
chromium and
copper.
In these cases, a
completely full or
half full d sub-level
is more stable than
a partially filled d
sub-level.
Write the electron
configurations for
these elements.
 Key Words
Orbitals
Shells
Sub-shells
Spin
There are two main
exceptions to
electron
configuration: 
chromium and
copper.
In these cases, a
completely full or
half full d sub-level
is more stable than
a partially filled d
sub-level.
Write the electron
configurations for
these elements.
 Key Words
Orbitals
Shells
Sub-shells
Spin
There are two main
exceptions to
electron
configuration: 
chromium and
copper.
In these cases, a
completely full or
half full d sub-level
is more stable than
a partially filled d
sub-level.
Write the electron
configurations for
these elements.
Exceptions
Exceptions