CELL

TRANSPORT
How substances get across the
membrane…
Diffusion Across Cell
Membrane
Semi-permeable membrane
Allows only certain molecules
across
H2O

CO2 and O2
 Passive Transport
Movement of substances
across the cell membrane

Requires no energy from the

cell

Diffusion is the simplest type

of passive transport
DIFFUSION

 Movement of molecules from HIGH

concentration to LOW concentration
 Concentration Gradient - the difference
between concentrations in space
Simple diffusion only allows certain
molecules across a membrane
Eventually it will hit an
equilibrium
(same concentration across the
gradient)
OSMOSIS

A type of diffusion

Process by which WATER

molecules diffuse across a
membrane from high to low
concentrations
10% Salt Solution

% solutions have to equal 100

10% salt (solute) would leave

how much water (solvent)?

90% water
 Hyper = above tonic refers to the
 Iso = same shape of the cell
 Hypo = below
How Cells Deal With Osmosis

Animal Cells:
Contractile
Vacuoles
Collects water
and expels it
from the cell
How Cells Deal With Osmosis

Plants:
Turgor Pressure
Water pressure
that is exerted
against cell wall
Plasmolysis – loss of turgor
pressure
Plants wilt

Cytolysis– cells burst due to

hypotonic solution cell is in
Facilitated Diffusion
-needs a carrier protein
Ion Channels

Transport ions such as Na, K, Ca and Cl

Can’t pass through membrane w/o
channel
Active Transport

Moving molecules from a LOW

concentration to a higher
concentration
Moving “up” their concentration
gradient
Requires energy from in cell
ATP
Active Transport
 Need a pump
 Sodium-Potassium
Pump
 Exchanges Na and K
Na to the
outside
K to the
inside
Other Transport Mechanisms-
Bulk Transfer
Endocytosis – process of
ingesting macromolecules and
nutrients that are too large to pass
through membrane

Two types:
Pinocytosis

Transport of other fluids

Phagocytosis
Transport of large particles or whole cells
Phagocytes may fuse with lysosomes to
destroy ingested bacteria or viruses
Exocytosis – process by which
materials are released from the
inside of the cell
Release toxins and waste
products
Release proteins
Control activity of other cells