Name: _______________________________ Section: _____________ Worksheet

Explain how protein is made using information from DNA (S10LT-IIId-37) 4

❖ Familiarize with the molecular structures of DNA, RNA and Proteins No.
❖ Differentiate the DNA and RNA in terms of structures and functions
❖ Determine how protein is made using the information from the DNA
4
____ THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF LIFE
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the molecule of heredity. It contains the genetic blue print of life. For organism to grow and
repaired damage cells, each cell must be capable of accurately copying itself. So how does the structure of DNA allow it to copy
itself so accurately?

Directions: Study the illustrations and briefly answer the given QUESTIONS:
questions. 1. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
NUCLEOTIDE DNA STRUCTURE ___________________________________
2. What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide?
Phosphate
___________________________________
Nitrogen-containing 3. What do you mean by Nitrogenous base pair?
base ____________________________________
Deoxyribose Sugar
____________________________________
NITROGEN BASES ____________________________________
4. Name the four nitrogenous bases shown in
Adenine Thymine
the figure.
Guanine Cytosine ____________________________________
____________________________________
5. Among nitrogenous bases, which are
pyrimidines? Which are purines?
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Direction #1: Read the given information carefully about DNA and RNA.

COMPONENT OF MOLECULES
1. The DNA molecule is composed of three types of component molecule: Phosphate group, the sugar deoxyribose, and the bases
adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine (A, T, C, G)
NUCLEOTIDES
2. There are three molecules that form the basic building blocks of DNA, the nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of one phosphate
group, one sugar molecule, and one of the four bases-in example. Across the strands of helix. A always pairs with T, and G with C
RIBONUCLEIC ACID
Like DNA, is a nucleic acid. However, RNA structure differs in DNA structure. The RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded nucleic
acid which plays different roles in the expression of the information throughout the human body. DNA and RNA contain four nitrogenous bases
but instead of thymine, RNA contains a similar base called Uracil (U). The uracil pairs with Adenine.
Direction # 2: Use the comparison steps to show the similarities and differences of DNA and RNA. Choose among the words inside the box.

single-stranded
double-stranded
has thymine as a base
has uracil as a base
deoxyribose as the sugar
ribose as the sugar
uses protein-encoding information maintains
protein-encoding information
has guanine
has nucleic acid

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 Nucleic acids are generally classified as information macromolecules, due to their roles in the
storage, transmission and expression of genetic information. It has two types, the DNA RNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and the RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). Pyrimidine is one of the 2 classes of
nitrogenous bases found in the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. In DNA, the pyrimidines are
cytosine and thymine, while in RNA, the uracil replaces thymine. Meanwhile, purine is the other DNA
one that includes adenine and guanine, which participates also in the DNA and RNA formation.
Question 1: How will you differentiate Pyrimidines to Purine? _________________________________________________________
The DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a double-stranded nucleic acid located in the nucleus of the cell. It is referred as the “blueprint of life” acting as
a long-term storage of genetic information. The RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded nucleic acid which plays different
roles in the expression of the information throughout the human body. The three types of RNA include: mRNA / Messenger, tRNA / Transfer RNA
and rRNA / ribosomal RNA
Question 2: What are the three types of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)? _____________________________________________________

Protein synthesis
DNA makes proteins which the body needs in order to grow. Proteins are large molecules made of amino acid called polypeptides. The
transfer of information from DNA to a protein is called gene expression that occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. Transcription
is the process that rewrites the genetic code in the DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). It follows the base pairing principle, ex cept that in DNA,
adenine pairs with thymine, while in RNA adenine pairs with uracil is the process that rewrites the genetic code in the DNA into messenger RNA
(mRNA). It follows the base pairing principle, except that in DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, while in RNA adenine pairs with uracil. Translation is
the second step in the gene expression whereby the codons (consecutive three nitrogen bases) are translated. It is the proces s by which the
information in the mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
Question 3: What is the purpose of DNA transcription and Translation? _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Direction:
A. Pair the nucleotides of the template strand to the non-template strand
B. Fill in the blanks with the missing concepts.
of DNA to create a double-stranded DNA model.
1. C=G AND T=A are known as _________________.
2. The three-letter base sequence found in an mRNA strand
is called____________________________________.
3. The three stop codons are ___________________.
4. The structure of DNA is a ___________________strand.
5. The codon initiating protein synthesis is _________.

C. Direction: Complete the following coding pairs in the DNA using the 1. DNA coding strand: A T A G G C G A T T C T G A C C A
Genetic code table. The first one has been done for you. GTAG
DNA template strand :
mRNA strand :
polypeptide chain :

2. DNA coding strand:

___________________________________________
DNA template strand: T C A G T A A G C C C A T T A C
GCAGA
mRNA strand:
___________________________________________
polypeptide chain:
____________________________________________

3. DNA coding strand:

NOTE: In DNA, A always pairs with T, and G with C. While in mRNA
instead of thymine, the uracil (U) pairs with Adenine (A). Use the
Genetic Code table to identify the polypeptide chain.
___________________________________________
DNA template strand:
___________________________________________
mRNA strand: U A U G C U A A U G C G A G C C U U U
AA
polypeptide chain:
____________________________________________

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