Biology Unit 2 DNA Structure & Replication Review

Name: _________________________________________ Hour: _______

Vocabulary to know:
❏ DNA ❏ Enzymes
❏ nucleotide ❏ Helicase
❏ Phosphate-sugar backbone ❏ DNA polymerase
❏ Nitrogenous base ❏ Ligase
❏ Anti-parallel ❏ Semi-conservative
❏ Double helix ❏ Purines
❏ Mutations ❏ Pyrimidines
❏ Complementary ❏ Replication Fork
❏ Replication

Practice Questions- Fill in the blanks, Multiple Choice, & Labeling:

1. The letters “DNA” stand for ______Deozirobosnucleic
acid_______________________________.

2. DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as

_________Nucleotides_______________.

3. The three parts of a nucleotide are __________sugar ___________,

____phosphate____________________, and ______________Nitrogeniouse
base__________.

4. The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are _________ _________,
__________________, ____________________ and ____________________.

5. Two of the nitrogen bases are single ring structures known as

_____Purines_______________. These two bases are _____Cytosine__________ and
_______Thymine________.

6. The other two bases are double ring structures known as _____Purines_____________.
These two bases are ______Guanine_____________ and
_______Adenine____________.

7. The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA
molecule are ____Deoxirobose Sugar____________ and ________Phosphate_________.

8. The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the “ladder’” are known
as Nitrogenous bases____________________.

9. Which nitrogen bases always pair with one another?

1
 Biology Unit 2 DNA Structure & Replication Review

Name: _________________________________________ Hour: _______

10. According to Chargaff’s base pair rules, the percentages of

______Adinine______________ are equal to those of thymine and the percentages of
____________Cytosine_________ are equal to those of guanine in the DNA molecule.

11. The nitrogen bases are held together in the center by _________Hydrogen
Bonds______________.

12. True or False (Circle one) According to the principle of base pairing, hydrogen bonds
could form only between adenine and cytosine.

13. The type of sugar found in DNA is __________Deoxirobose______________.

14. Label the parts of the DNA Molecule. Include all of these terms:
❏ nucleotide
❏ Phosphate
❏ Deoxyribose sugar
❏ nitrogen base
❏ hydrogen bond
❏ Purine
❏ Pyrimidine
❏ the 5’ end, the 3’ end
❏ Adenine
❏ Thymine
❏ Cytosine
❏ Guanine

15. The process in which DNA builds an exact duplicate of itself is known as
____Replication___________________.

16. What is the primary function of DNA?

2
 Biology Unit 2 DNA Structure & Replication Review

Name: _________________________________________ Hour: _______

Repair and Growth

17. Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?

So that DNA can be in the new cell, growth and function

18. During replication, enzymes called _______Helicase_____________ untwist the double

helix, separating the two original strands.

19. Enzymes called __________DNA Polymerase__________________ move along the

separated strands assembling the new strands of DNA & proofreading.

20. When replication is complete, two ___Identical and complimentary_____ copies of the
DNA molecule have been produced.

21. True or False? Each DNA molecule resulting from replication has one original strand and
one new strand.

22. The scientific name for the shape of DNA.

A. protein molecule B. a ladder
C. double helix D. spherical
23. What holds the base pairs together?
A. sugar B. hydrogen bonds
C. base D. nitrogen bonds
24. The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called
A. binary fission B. duplication
C. replication D. reproduction
25. If a DNA strand is ATGGACATA, then what is the complementary strand?
A. ATGGACATA B. TACCTGTAA
C. ATGGACAAT D. TACCTGTAT
26. The process of DNA copying itself takes place in which organelle?
A. nucleus B. ribosome
C. endoplasmic reticulum D. plasma membrane
27. Genetic variation is based on the order of the ________ that form the linked
subunits in DNA.

3
 Biology Unit 2 DNA Structure & Replication Review

Name: _________________________________________ Hour: _______

A. sugar group B. nitrogen bases
C. hydrogen bonds D. phosphate groups
28. The sides of the DNA ladder (DNA backbone) are made of
A. nitrogen bases B. protein
C. phosphates and deoxyribose D. deoxyribose only