Name __Ana Grau and Gabriel Mendoza_______ American School

DNA Structure and replication

Directions: Label the diagram below with the following choices:

 Nucleotide  Deoxyribose  Phosphate group

 Base pair  Hydrogen bond  Nitrogenous base

1. ___Hydrogen bond
_________________

6. __Nucleotide 2. _Phosphate group

_________________ _____________

5.___Nitrogenous base
__________

3. _Deoxyribose
4. __Base pair
___________________
__________________
Directions: Complete each sentence.
7. Guanine, cytosine, thymine, and ___adenine___ are the four __bases___ in DNA.

8. In DNA, guanine always forms hydrogen bonds with _cytosine____.

9. The process of __replication__ produces a new copy of an organism’s genetic information,

which is passed on to a new cell.
10. The double coiled, “staircase” shape of DNA is called a __helix___.

1
Directions: Answer each question in complete sentences.
11. What do the letters DNA stand for?
___It means Deoxyribonucleic acid__________________________________________

12. Where is DNA found? _In most of the cell it’s found in the nucleus, but it can also be
found int the cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplast______________________________

13. What is the first step in the process of DNA replication?

____To unzip the double helix structure of DNA______________

14. Which enzyme is responsible for “unzipping” the DNA double helix?
_____The enzyme responsible is called helicase ________________

15. Which enzyme is responsible for facilitating the hydrogen bonding between nucleotides in
a new DNA molecule?
___The polymerase is the one that facilitates it____________________________

16. Which enzyme is responsible for creating the covalent bonds that connect the sugar-
phosphate backbone of the new DNA molecules?
______It’s DNA ligase function ______________________

17. If the sequence of one single strand of DNA is C-A-A-G-T-A-G-G-C-T, what is the
sequence of the complementary strand?

G-T-T-C-A-T-C-C-G-A___________

18. Why is DNA replication important to the growth and development of a multi-cellular
organism?
___Because it ensures that our genetic traits and information is passed through all the cells
of our body _____________

19. Place the following terms in the correct order from smallest to largest: Nucleosome,
supercoils, coils, chromosome, DNA double helix
____DNA double helix, nucleosome, coils, supercoils and chromosome___

20. List the 3 basic steps of DNA replication:

a. Helicase unzip DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs

b. DNA polymerase attaches to primers and start building the complementary

sequence base

c. DNA ligase bound together the Okazaki fragments