Muscles of the Shoulder

Girdle Joints
Chapter 4

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 Learning Objectives
Lesson 4.1: Trapezius, Rhomboids Major and
Minor, and Levator Scapulae
1. Explain the general structure.
2. Explain the general function.
3. State the attachments.
4. State the standard mover actions.
5. State the reverse mover actions.
6. Discuss the line(s) of pull the muscle has and the
motion(s) created.
7. State the eccentric antagonist functions.
8. State the isometric stabilization functions.
9. State the nervous innervation.
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 Learning Objectives
Lesson 4.1: Trapezius, Rhomboids Major and
Minor, and Levator Scapulae (Cont.)
10. State the arterial supply.
11. Describe the starting position for palpation.
12. Describe the steps for palpation.
13. Discuss the muscle’s relationship to other body
structures.
14. Discuss additional information that may help with
palpation, assessment, and clinical decision
making.

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 Overview of Structure

 This chapter addresses the muscles whose primary

function is to move the joints of the shoulder
girdle.
 Other muscles can also move the shoulder girdle, but
they are placed in different chapters because their
primary function is usually considered to be at another
joint.

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 Muscles Covered

 Trapezius
 Rhomboids
 Levator scapulae
 Serratus anterior
 Pectoralis minor
 Subclavius

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Posterior View of the Muscles
of the Shoulder Girdle Region

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Anterior View of the Muscles
of the Shoulder Girdle Region

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 Right Lateral View of the Muscles
of the Shoulder Girdle and Neck Region

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Trapezius (“Trap”)

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 Trapezius: Attachments

 Entire muscle attaches from the:

 External occipital protuberance, the medial
⅓ of the superior nuchal line of the occiput, the nuchal
ligament, and the spinous processes (SPs) of C7–T12
to the
 Lateral ⅓ of the clavicle, the acromion process, and the
spine of the scapula

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 Trapezius: Functions

 Elevates the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

(upper)
 Retracts (adducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal
joint (entire muscle)
 Depresses the scapula at the scapulocostal joint
(lower)

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11
 Trapezius: Functions (Cont.)

 Upwardly rotates the scapula at the scapulocostal

joint (upper and lower)

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 Trapezius: Functions (Cont.)

 Laterally flexes the neck and the head at the spinal

joints (upper)
 Extends the neck and the head at the spinal joints
(upper)

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 Trapezius: Functions (Cont.)

 Contralaterally rotates the neck and the head at the

spinal joints (upper)

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Trapezius: Functions (Cont.)

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 Trapezius: Eccentric and Isometric
Stabilization Functions
 What are the eccentric functions of the trapezius?
 What is an example of the eccentric function of
the upper trapezius on the neck?
 What are the isometric stabilization functions of
the trapezius?

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 Trapezius: Relationship
to Other Structures
 The entire trapezius is superficial in the neck and
the back.
 Directly deep to the trapezius in the neck are the
semispinalis capitis, the splenius capitis, and the
levator scapulae.
 Directly anterior to the anterior border of the
trapezius are the splenius capitis, the levator
scapulae, and the scalenes.

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Trapezius: Review

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Rhomboids Major and Minor

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 Rhomboids: Attachments

 Attach from the:

 Spinous processes of C7–T5
to the
 Medial border of the scapula, from the root of the spine
to the inferior angle of the scapula

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 Rhomboids: Functions

 Retract (adduct) the scapula at the scapulocostal

joint
 Elevate the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

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 Rhomboids: Functions (Cont.)

 Downwardly rotate the scapula at the

scapulocostal joint

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Rhomboids: Functions (Cont.)

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 Rhomboids: Eccentric and Isometric
Stabilization Functions
 What are the eccentric functions of the
rhomboids?
 What is their isometric stabilization function?

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 Rhomboids: Relationship
to Other Structures
 The rhomboids are deep to the trapezius.
 The rhomboid minor is directly superior to the
rhomboid major.
 The rhomboid minor attaches to the scapula,
inferior to the levator scapulae’s attachment onto
the scapula.
 Deep to the rhomboids are the splenius capitis, the
splenius cervicis, the serratus posterior superior,
and the erector spinae and transversospinalis
groups.

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Rhomboids: Review

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Levator Scapulae

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 Levator Scapulae: Attachments

 Attaches from the:

 Transverse processes (TPs) of C1–C4
to the
 Medial border of the scapula, from the superior angle to
the root of the spine of the scapula

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 Levator Scapulae: Functions

 Elevates the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

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 Levator Scapulae: Functions (Cont.)

 Extends the neck at the spinal joints

 Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints

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Levator Scapulae: Functions (Cont.)

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 Levator Scapulae: Eccentric
and Isometric Stabilization Functions
 Restrains/slows depression of the scapula and
flexion and opposite-side lateral flexion of the
neck
 Stabilizes the scapula and neck

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 Levator Scapulae: Relationship
to Other Structures
 Inferiorly, levator scapulae is deep to the
trapezius.
 There is a part of the middle to upper levator
scapulae that is superficial between the trapezius
and the splenius capitis posteriorly.

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Levator Scapulae: Review

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 Learning Objectives
Lesson 4.2: Serratus Anterior,
Pectoralis Minor, Subclavius
1. Explain the general structure.
2. Explain the general function.
3. State the attachments.
4. State the standard mover actions.
5. State the reverse mover actions.
6. Discuss the line(s) of pull the muscle has and the
motion(s) created.
7. State the eccentric antagonist functions.
8. State the isometric stabilization functions.
9. State the nervous innervation.
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 Learning Objectives
Lesson 4.2: Serratus Anterior,
Pectoralis Minor, Subclavius (Cont.)
10. State the arterial supply.
11. Describe the starting position for palpation.
12. Describe the steps for palpation.
13. Discuss the muscle’s relationship to other body
structures.
14. Discuss additional information that may help with
palpation, assessment, and clinical decision
making.

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Serratus Anterior

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 Serratus Anterior: Attachments

 Attaches from:
 Ribs one through nine anterolaterally
to the
 Anterior surface of the entire medial border of the
scapula

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 Serratus Anterior: Functions

 Protracts (abducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal

joint
 Upwardly rotates the scapula at the scapulocostal
joint

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Serratus Anterior: Functions (Cont.)

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 Serratus Anterior: Eccentric
and Isometric Stabilization Functions
 Restrains/slows retraction and downward rotation
of the scapula
 Stabilizes the scapula and rib cage

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 Serratus Anterior:
Relationship to Other Structures
 The majority of the serratus anterior lies deep to
the scapula and the latissimus dorsi.
 The serratus anterior lies next to (anterior to) the
subscapularis.

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Serratus Anterior: Review

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Pectoralis Minor

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 Pectoralis Minor: Attachments

 Attaches from:
 Ribs three through five
to the
 Coracoid process of the scapula

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 Pectoralis Minor: Functions

 Protracts (abducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal

(ScC) joint
 Depresses the scapula at the ScC joint
 Downwardly rotates the scapula at the ScC joint

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 Pectoralis Minor: Functions (Cont.)

 Elevates ribs three through five at the sternocostal

and costospinal joints

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Pectoralis Minor: Functions (Cont.)

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 Pectoralis Minor: Eccentric
and Isometric Stabilization Functions
 Restrains/slows retraction, elevation, and upward
rotation of the scapula
 Stabilizes the scapula and ribs three through five

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 Pectoralis Minor: Relationship
to Other Structures
 The pectoralis minor is deep to the pectoralis
major.
 Deep to the pectoralis minor are the serratus
anterior and the rib cage.
 The superior attachment of the pectoralis minor is
the coracoid process (ribs three through five).

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Pectoralis Minor: Review

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 Subclavius

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 Subclavius: Attachments

 Attaches from the:

 First rib
to the
 Clavicle

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 Subclavius: Functions

 Depresses the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint

 Elevates the first rib at the sternocostal and
costospinal joints

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Subclavius: Functions (Cont.)

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 Subclavius: Eccentric and Isometric
Stabilization Functions
 Restrains/slows elevation of the clavicle and
depression of the first rib
 Stabilizes the clavicle and first rib

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 Subclavius: Relationship
to Other Structures
 The subclavius is located between the clavicle and
the first rib.
 The subclavius is deep to the pectoralis major.
 Deep to the subclavius are the brachial plexus of
nerves and the subclavian artery and vein.

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Subclavius: Review

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 Questions?

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