The Muscular System

OBJECTIVES
at the end of the discussion the students will
be able to:
Identify functions of muscle
Learn muscle contraction.
Identify types of contraction
Identify common body movements
Can be able to name skeletal muscles
 MAJOR FUNCTIONS

1. BODY MOVEMENT
Contraction of the skeletal
muscles is responsible for
the overall movements of
the body.
 MAJOR FUNCTIONS

2. MAINTENANCE OF
POSTURE:
Constantly maintain tone
(Sitting, Standing erect)
 MAJOR FUNCTIONS

3. RESPIRATION
Muscles of thorax are
responsible for movements
for respiration.
 MAJOR FUNCTIONS

4. PRODUCTION OF BODY
HEAT
During contraction heat is
given of a by-product.
 MAJOR FUNCTIONS

5. COMMUNICATION
Involve in all aspect of
communication
 MAJOR FUNCTIONS

6. CONSTRICTION OF
ORGANS AND VESSELS
Contraction of smooth
muscles with in the walls
internal organs causes
constriction of the structure
 MAJOR FUNCTIONS

7. HEART BEAT
Contraction of the cardiac
muscle causes the heart to
beat supplying blood to
body system
 SKELETAL MUSCLE

Skeletal Muscle with it

associated connective tissue
contains approximately 40%
of body weight
 SKELETAL MUSCLE

It is named because
of its attachment to
the skeletal system
 SKELETAL MUSCLE

It is also called STRIATED

because of the
transverse band or
striation that can be seen
under the microscope
SKELETAL MUSCLES 4 major
functional characteristics
1. Contractility
2. Excitability
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity
 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Contractility
Ability of the muscle to shorten
with force which causes
movement to the structure to
which it is attached
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

2. Excitability
The capacity of
muscle to respond to
stimulus
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

3. Extensibility
After contraction it can
be stretched to their
normal resting length
or beyond
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

4. Elasticity
Able to recoil to their
original resting length
after they have been
stretched
STUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
myofibril
STUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

1. EPIMYSIUM
covers the entire skeletal
muscle
STUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

2. Perimysium
Covers a fascicle (bundle)
of fibers
STUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

3. Endomysium
Covers a single muscle
fiber
STUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

4. Myofibril
single muscle fiber which
contains two major proteins
fibers the ACTIN & MYOSIN
MYOFILAMENT
STUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

SARCOMERE THE BASIC STRUCTURAL

FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
STUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

HAS MANY NUCLEUS

 Cardiac Muscle Characteristics

• Has striations
• Usually has a single
nucleus
• Joined to another
muscle cell at an
intercalated disc
• Involuntary
• Found only in the
heart
Figure 6.2b
 Smooth Muscle Characteristics
• Has no striations
• Spindle-shaped cells
• Single nucleus
• Involuntary – no
conscious control
• Found mainly in the
walls of hollow
organs
Figure 6.2a
Muscles and Body Movements
• Movement
is attained
due to a
muscle
moving an
attached
bone

Figure 6.12
Muscles and Body Movements
• Muscles are
attached to at
least two points
– Origin –
attachment to
the immovable or
less moveable
bone
– Insertion –
attachment to a
movable bone
Figure 6.12
 Naming of Skeletal Muscles
• Direction of muscle fibers
– Example: rectus (straight)
- oblique (slanted)
• Relative size of the muscle
– Example: maximus (largest)
- minimus (smallest)
- Longus (long)
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
• Location of the muscle
– Example: many muscles
are named for bones (e.g.,
temporalis)
• Number of origins
– Example: triceps (three
heads)
 Naming of Skeletal Muscles

• Location of the muscle’s origin

and insertion
– Example: sterno (on the sternum)
• Shape of the muscle
– Example: deltoid (triangular)
• Action of the muscle
– Example: flexor and extensor (flexes
or extends a bone)flexor carpi
radialis, extensor digitorum longus,
adductor muscle
Head and Neck Muscles

Figure 6.15
 MUSCLES OF THE HEAD &
NECK
Include those involved in

facial expression

mastication

movement of the tongue

 MUSCLES OF THE HEAD &
NECK
Include those involved in
swallowing
voice production,
eye movements
and movements of the head
& neck
Head and Neck Muscles

Figure 6.15
 Head/Neck Muscles
name origin insert action
ion
Fron Cranial Skin Raises
talis aponeu of eye eye
rosis brows brows
 Head/Neck Muscles
name origin inserti action
on
Orbi Frontal Tissue Blinks
Cula bone around and
ris and eyes closes
oculi maxilla eyes
 Head/Neck Muscles
name origin inserti action
on
Orbi Mandi Skin Closes
cularis ble and and
oris and mus pro
maxill cle trude
a around lips
mouth
 Head/Neck Muscles
name origin Inser action
tion
Mas Tem Mandi Closes
seter poral ble the
bone jaw
 Head/Neck Muscles
name origin insertion action
Buccina Maxilla and Orbicula Compresses
tor mandible near ris oris cheek as in
molars whisling and
sucking;
holds food
between
teeth during
chewing
 Head/Neck Muscles
name origin insertio action
n
Ster Ster Tempo Flexes
noclei num ral bone neck;
domas and (mastoid rotates
toid clavicl process) head
e
 Head/Neck Muscles
name origin insertio action
n
Pla Connec Tissue Pulls
tysma tive around corners
tissue mouth of mouth
covering inferio
of ly
superior
chest
muscles
 Trunk muscles
Name Origin Inser action
tion
Pecto Sternum, Proxi Adducts
ralis clavicle, mal and
major and first hume flexes
to sixth rus humerus
ribs
 Trunk muscles
Name Origin Insertion action
Rectus Pubis Sternum Flexes
abdomi and fifth verte
nis to bral
seventh column
ribs
 Trunk muscles
Name Origin Inser action
tion
Exter Lower Iliac Flexes
nal eight crest and
oblique ribs rotates
vertebral
column
 Arm/shoulder Muscles
name origin insertion action
Biceps Scapula Proximal Flexes
brachii of radius the elbow
shoulder and
girdle supinates
forearm
 Arm/shoulder Muscles
name origin insertion action
Deltoid Scapu Humerus Abducts
lar (Deltoid arm
spine tuberosi
and ty)
clavicle
 Neck/Trunk/Shoulder Muscles
Name Origin Insertion Action
Trape Occipital Scapular Extends
zius bone and spine and neck and
all cervical clavicle adducts
and scapula
thoracic
vertebrae
 Neck/Trunk/Shoulder Muscles
Name Origin Inser Action
tion
Latissi Lower Proxi Extends
mus spine mal and
dorsi and iliac hume adducts
crest rus hume
rus
 Neck/Trunk/Shoulder Muscles

Name Origin Insertion Action

Erector Iliac Ribs, Extends
spinae crests, thoracic back
ribs 3- and
12, cervical
verte verte
brae brae
 Arm/Forearm Muscles
Name Origin Insertion Action
Triceps Shoulder Olecra Extends
brachii girdle and non elbow
proximal process
humerus of ulna
 Arm/Forearm Muscles
Name Origin Insertio Action
n
Flexor Distal Second Flexes
carpi humerus and wrist
radialis third and
metacar abducts
pals hand
 Arm/Forearm Muscles
Name Origin Insertio Action
n
Flexor Distal Carpals Flexes
carpi humerus of wrist wrist
ulnaris and and fifth and
poste metacar adducts
rior ulna pal hand
 Arm/Forearm Muscles
Name Origin Insertion Action
Flexor Distal Middle Flexes
digitorum humerus phalanges the wrist
superficia , ulna of second and
lis and to fifth fingers
radius fingers
 Arm/Forearm Muscles
Name Origin Insertion Action
Extensor Humerus Base of Extends
carpi second wrist and
radialis and third abducts
metacarp hand
als
 Arm/Forearm Muscles
Name Origin Insertion Action
Extensor Distal Distal Extends
digitorum humerus phalange fingers
s of and wrist
second to
fifth
fingers