THE

MUSCULAR

SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY: BULAHAN, JANUARY
BUSCATO, JANESSA
BUSCATO, MARIA JOCEL
WHAT IS THE MASCULAR SYSTEM

Responsible for the movement of Human

Body

A complex collection of tissues, each with

different purpose.

It is consists of all the muscles of the body.

and are composed of long, slender cells

known as fibers - vary in length and colors

CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE
EXCITABILITY - capacity of muscle to
respond to a stimulus

CONTRACTILITY - ability of a muscle to

shorten and generate pulling
force.

EXTENSIBILITY - muscle can be stretched back

to its original length.

ELASTICITY - ability of muscle to recoil to

original testing length after
stretched.
TYPES OF MUSCLE
 TYPES OF MUSCLE
1. SMOOTH MUSCLE
In the walls of hollow organs, blood
vessels, eye, glands, uterus, skin

Stimulated by electrical impulses or

hormones, and use carbohydrates for
energy.

Contract slower than skeletal muscles,

but can remain contracted longer, and

are not dependent on oxygen.

Controlled involuntarily by endocrine

and autonomic nervous system.

 TYPES OF MUSCLE
2. CARDIAC MUSCLE/MYOCARDIUM
Found in the heart, where it forms the bulk
of the heart walls.

Stimulated to contract by electrical impulses

sent out from small clumps of specialized
tissue in the heart; the sinoatrial and
atrioventricular node

Are striated but are smaller and shorter and are

involuntary

Controlled involuntarily by endocrine and

autonomic nervous system.

 TYPES OF MUSCLE
3. SKELETAL MUSCLE/STRIATED MUSCLE
Are elastic and work in pairs - one is
flexing while the other is extending.

They are voluntary muscle and striated,

with horizontal markings, and are
stimulated to contract by electrical impulses
from the nervous system.

Responsible for locomotion, facial

expressions, posture, respiratory,

movements and other body movements.

Controlled by somatic motor neurons.

 STRUCTURE OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE
1. EPIMYSIUM
-- covers the entire skeletal muscle

2. PERIMYSIUM
--connective tissue surround each
individual fascicle

3. ENDOMYSIUM
-- connective tissue wrapped around
each individual muscle

4. FASCIA
-- on the outside of the epimysium
 MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
During muscle contraction, one end

of the muscle moves while the other

remains stationary

1. Origin – the fixed attachment.

The tendon of the muscle
joins the stationary bones.

2. Insertion - is where the tendon of

the muscle joins the
moving bones.
 BODY MOVEMENTS
1. Flexion - decreases the angle
of the joint and
brings two bones
closer together

2. Extension - increases the

angle, or the
distance, between
two bones or parts
of the body
 BODY MOVEMENTS
3. Rotation - movement of a

bone around its longitudinal

axis

4.Abduction - moving a limb

away from the midline, or

median plane, of the body

5. Adduction - movement of a

limb toward the body midline

 BODY MOVEMENTS

6. Circumduction - The proximal end of

the limb is stationary,
and its distal end
moves in a circle
ANTERIOR MUSCLES

OF
THE BODY
 HEAD & NECK MUSCLE
1. FRONTALIS
Function: raises eyebrows
Origin: cranial aponeurosis
Insertion: skin of eyebrows

2. ORBICULARIS OCULI
Function: blinks and closes eye
Origin: frontal bone and maxilla
Insertion: tissue around eyes

3. ORBICULARIS ORIS
Function: closes and protrudes lips
Origin: mandible and maxilla
Insertion: skin and muscle around mouth
 HEAD & NECK MUSCLE
4. TEMPORALIS
Function: closes jaw
Origin: temporal bone
Insertion: mandible

5. ZYGOMATICUS
Function: raises corner of mouth
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at corner
of lips

6. MASSETER
Function: closes jaw
Origin: temporal bone
Insertion: mandible
 HEAD & NECK MUSCLE

7. BUCCINATOR
Function: compresses cheek, holds
food between teeth
during chewing
Origin: maxilla and mandible near
molars
Insertion: orbicularis oris
 HEAD & NECK MUSCLE
8. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Function: flexes neck; laterally
rotates head
Origin: sternum and clavicle
Insertion: temporal bone
9. PLATYSMA
Function: tenses skin of neck (as in
shaving)
Origin: connective tissue covering of
superior chest muscles
Insertion: tissue around mouth
HEAD & NECK MUSCLE
 TRUNK MUSCLES
1. PECTORALIS MAJOR
Function: adducts and flexes
humerus
Origin: sternum, clavicle, and first
to sixth ribs
Insertion: proximal humerus

2. RECTUS ABDOMINIS
Function: flexes vertebral column
Origin: pubis
Insertion: sternum and fifth to
seventh ribs
 TRUNK MUSCLES

3. EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
Function: flexes and rotates
vertebral column
Origin: lower eight ribs
Insertion: iliac crest
 ARM & SHOULDERS MUSCLES
1. BICEPS BRACHII
Function: flexes elbow and supinates
forearm
Origin: scapula of shoulder girdle
Insertion: proximal radius

2. BRACHIALIS
Function: flexes elbow
Origin: distal humerus
Insertion: proximal ulna

3. DELTOID
Function: abducts humerus
Origin: scapular spine and clavicle
Insertion: humerus
TRUNK, ARM & SHOULDERS

MUSCLES
 HIP, THIGH & LEG MUSCLES
1. ILIOPSOAS
Function: flexes hip
Origin: ilium and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: femur

2. ADDUCTOR MUSCLES
Function: adduct and medially
rotate thigh
Origin: pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur

3. SARTORIUS
Function: flexes thigh on hip
Origin: ilium
Insertion: proximal tibia
 HIP, THIGH & LEG MUSCLES
4. Quadriceps group (vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis; and rectus femoris)

Function: all extend knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh
Origin: vasti; femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
 HIP, THIGH & LEG MUSCLES
5. TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Function: dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Origin: proximal tibia and fibula
Insertion: First cuneiform (tarsal) and
first metatarsal of foot

6. EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

Function: extends toes
Origin: proximal tibia and fibula
Insertion: distal toes 2-5

7. FIBULARIS MUSCLES
Function: plantar flex and evert foot
Origin: fibula
Insertion: metatarsals of foot
HIP, THIGH & LEG MUSCLES
POSTERIOR MUSCLES

OF
THE BODY
 NECK, TRUNK & SHOULDERS MUSCLES
1. TRAPEZIUS
Function: raises, retracts, and rotates scapula
Origin: occipital bone and all cervical and
thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: scapular spine and clavicle

2. LATISSIMUS DORSI
Function: extends and adducts humerus
Origin: lower spine and iliac crest
Insertion: proximal humerus

3. ERECTOR SPINAE
Function: extends and laterally flexes spine
Origin: iliac crests, rivs 3-12, and vertebrae
Insertion: ribs, thoracic and cervical vertebrae
NECK, TRUNK & SHOULDERS MUSCLES
4. QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
Function: flexes spine laterally; extends spine
Origin: iliac crest, lumbar fascia
Insertion: transverse processes of upper
lumbar vertebrae

5. DELTOID
Function: abducts humerus
Origin: scapular spine and clavicle
Insertion: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
 ARM & FOREARM MUSCLES
1. TRICEPS BRACHII
Function: extends elbow
Origin: shoulder girdle and proximal
humerus
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

2. FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

Function: flexes wrist and abducts
hand
Origin: distal humerus
Insertion: second and third
metacarpals
 ARM & FOREARM MUSCLES
3.FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
Function: flexes wrist and abducts
hand
Origin: distal humerus and posterior
ulna
Insertion: carpals of wrist and fifth
metacarpal

4. FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

Function: flexes wrist and fingers
Origin: distal humerus, ulna and
radius
Insertion: middle phalanges of
second to fifth fingers
 ARM & FOREARM MUSCLES
5. EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS
Function: extends wrist and abducts
hand
Origin: humerus
Insertion: base of second and third
metacarpals

6. EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
Function: extends fingers
Origin: distal humerus
Insertion: distal phalanges of second
to fifth fingers
 HIP, THIGH & LEG MUSCLE
1. GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Function: extends hip
Origin: sacrum and ilium
Insertion: proximal femur

2. GLUTEUS MEDIUS
Function: abducts thigh; steadies
pelvis during walking
Origin: ilium
Insertion: proximal femur

3. HAMSTRING MUSCLES
Function: flex knee and extend hip
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: proximal tibia
 HIP, THIGH & LEG MUSCLE
4. GASTROCNEMIUS
Function: plantar flexes foot and
flexes knee
Origin: distal femur
Insertion: calcaneus

5. SOLEUS
Function: plantar flexes foot
Origin: proximal tibia and fibula
Insertion: calcaneus
HIP, THIGH & LEG MUSCLE
ANTERIOR MUSCLES POSTERIOR MUSCLES
 Thank You!
PRESENTED BY: BULAHAN, JANUARY
BUSCATO, JANESSA
BUSCATO, MARIA JOCEL