Dr. Anuradha S.

Khamkar (MPT
Sports)
❖ BCCI affiliated sports Physiotherapist
❖ Venue medical officer for IPL 2017
❖ NATIONAL CRICKET ACADEMY physiotherapist for
U 19 GIRLS camp, Belgaum 2018
❖ MUMBAI CRICKET ASSOCIATION Physiotherapist
for U 14 boys, U 19 & U23 girls team 2016-18
❖ Assistant physiotherapist for MCA- IFLI PACE
BOWLER FOUNDATION 2014-16.
HUMAN ANATOMY
 Human Anatomy
The term "anatomy" is derived from the Greek word
"anatomē", which means "dissection". Anatomy is
that particular branch of Science (Biology) which
deals with the study of structures of human body
and other living organisms. The study of human body
structures is referred to as Human Anatomy.
Anatomy is divided into -
1. Macroscopic Anatomy : Macroscopic Anatomy, also
known as Gross Anatomy, is the discipline that studies
and describes the structures that are visible through
naked eye. It does not involve the use of any kind of
instruments or equipments to describe muscles,
organs and other bodily structures.
2. Microscopic Anatomy : Microscopic Anatomy
involves the use of several types of optical
instruments for the study of bodily structures that are
not visible to the naked eye. It basically studies the
tissues and cells. It is also known as "histology". It
uses the technique of dissection and separation of
parts.
Anatomy is divided into:

• The Skeletal System

• The Muscular System
 The Skeletal System

• The skeleton is the protective and supportive

framework for the underlying soft tissues, organs
and muscles. The human skeleton, consisting of
about 206 bones, is joined to the ligaments and
tendons. It plays an important role in the body.
The human skeleton has about 300 bones at birth,
however, it decreases to 206 bones by adulthood
due to the fusion of few bones.
Function of skeletal system
1. Support: Provide a framework that supports the
body.
2. Protection: brain and vital organs.
3. Movement
4. Site for haematopoiesis : blood cells formation in
the bone marrow.
5. Storage : for calcium and iron.
6. Endocrine regulation : osteocalcin
sceretion..increases insulin sensitivity and
secretion.
 Classification Of Skeleton
Skeleton is classified into two groups:
1. Axial Skeleton: It consists of 80 bones in the
skull, ribs, spine and sternum.
2. Appendicular Skeleton: It consists of 126
bones- 60 in upper extremities, 60 in lower
extremities, 2 in pelvic, 4 in shoulder girdle.
Skeletal
system
 The Vertebral Column
The Vertebral Column is the combination of 33 bones
who together play a significant role in protecting the
spinal cord and in providing stiffness to the body. It
also is the place of attachment for the pectoral and
pelvic girdles and other muscles. It plays an important
role in walking and standing by transmitting body
weight. It is also known by names like spinal column,
spine or backbone.
Classification of Bones
Classification
short
of Bones irregular

flat

long
Classification of Joints
 DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION
1. HISTOLOGICALLY : FIBROUS( skull), CARTIGINOUS
(discovertebral, costochondral, symphysis pubis)
& SYNOVIAL(knee).
2. FUNCTIONALLY : SYNARTHROSIS ( IMMOVABLE),
AMBHIARTHROSIS (SLIGHTLY MOVABLE) &
DIARTHROSIS ( FREELY MOVABLE)
 Synovial JointJoints
Structural components :
1.Hyaline cartilage
2.Fibrous articular capsule
3.Synovial membrane
4.Surrounding joint ligaments
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
1. BALL & SOCKET (HIP )
2. HINGE JOINT (ELBOW, KNEE)
3. PIVOT JOINT ( ATLANTOAXIAL, PROXIMAL
RADIOULNAR JOINT)
4. CONDYLOID JOINT ( METACARPOPHALANGEAL
JOINT )
5. SADDLE JOINT ( 1ST CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT)
6. PLANAR JOINT ( ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT)
Hinge
joint
Pivot
joint
condyloid
joint
saddle
joint
Ball &
socket
joint
 Fascia
The fascial system is a densely woven covering that covers all
the muscles, organs, bones, nerves, veins, arteries and so on.
It is similar to a spider's web or a sweater. It is one continuous
structure that covers and connects the entire body, from head
to toe, without any interruption. It has the ability to stretch
and move without restrictions. It plays an important role in
the support and function of our body structures.
The Muscular System
• The human muscular system is made up of
a network of tissues (cells) that cover the
skeleton. These collection of tissues are
called muscles.
• They are found throughout the human
body.
• There are more than 600-700 muscles in a
human body.
• These muscles together account for nearly
40% of a person's weight.
• Picture source:https://thatspa.co/optional_muscular_body_parts_diagram.php
Functions of the Muscles
Help in
Movements

Heat Maintains
Generation Posture

Joint
Stabilization
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUES
1. CARDIAC (INVOLUNTARY)
2. SMOOTH ( INVOLUNTARY)
3. SKELETAL ( VOLUNTARY)
TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
TISSUE
ANATOMICAL VOCABULARY
1. MEDIAL –LATERAL 1. ORIGIN-INSERTION
2. PROXIMAL – DISTAL 2. PROTRACTION-RETRACTION
3. CUADAL –CEPHALIC 3. ELEVATION-DEPRESSION
4. ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR 4. INTERNAL ROTATION-EXTERNAL
ROTATION
5. VENTRAL- DORSAL
5. SUPINATION-PRONATION
6. FLEXION-EXTENSION
6. PLANTARFLEXION-DORSIFLEXION
7. ABDUCTION-ADDUCTION
7. INVERSION-EVERSION
8. VERTICAL- HORIZONTAL
8. CRUCIATE – COLLATERAL
9. ROTATION-CIRCUMDUCTION
9. SUPERIOR-INFERIOR
10. INTERNAL- EXTERNAL
10. BILATERAL-UNILATERAL
Muscle names of upper and
lower extremities with their
origin and insertion point.
 Pectoralis Major
•Origin: Clavicle medial half,
sternum-2nd to 6th costal
cartilage, aponeurosis of
external obliques.
•Insertion Point: crest of
the greater tubercle
humerus
•Joint Action: Adduction,
flexion and medial rotation
of the arm.
Pectoralis Minor
• Origin: Anterior surface of
3rd rib to 5th rib
• Insertion Point: Coracoid
process of scapula
• Joint Action: Protraction of
scapula
Deltoid (Anterior)
• Origin: Anterior lateral
third of clavicle
• Insertion Point: Deltoid
tuberosity on humerus
• Joint Action: Flexion /
Horizontal Adduction /
Internal rotation of
glenohumeral joint.
 Deltoid (Middle)
• Origin: Lateral aspect of
acromion
• Insertion Point: Deltoid
tuberosity of humerus
• Joint Action: Abduction of
the glenohumeral joint
Deltoid (Posterior)
• Origin: Inferior edge of
spine of scapula
• Insertion Point: Deltoid
tuberosity of humerus
• Joint Action: Horizontal
Abduction / Extension
External Rotation
Supraspinatus
•Origin: Supraspinatus
Fossa
•Insertion Point: Greater
tubercle of humerus
•Joint Action: Weak
Abduction/ stabilization of
humerus head.
Infraspinatus
•Origin: Infraspinous Fossa
•Insertion Point: Posteriorly on
greater tubercle (humerus)
•Joint Action: External Rotation /
Extension and Stabilization of
humerus
Teres Major
• Origin: inferior angle
posterior surface of scapula
• Insertion Point: lesser
tubercle
• Joint Action: Extension /
internal rotation and
adduction of humerus
Teres Minor
• Origin: Lateral border of
scapula
• Insertion Point: Greater
tubercle of humerus
• Joint Action: External
Rotation/ Horizontal
Abduction/ Extension and
Stabilization
Subscapularis
• Origin: Subscapular fossa
• Insertion Point: Lesser
tubercle of humerus
• Joint Action: Internal
Rotation, adduction and
Stabilization
Biceps Brachii (Long Head)

•Origin: Supra glenoid

tubercle
•Insertion Point: Tuberosity of
radius
•Joint Action: Elbow Flexion /
Supination of forearm and
weak Flexion of shoulder joint
Biceps Brachii
(Short Head)
• Origin: Coracoid process
of scapula
• Insertion Point:
Tuberosity of radius
• Joint Action: Elbow
Flexion / Supination or
forearm and weak
Flexion of shoulder joint
 Brachialis
• Origin: Distal half of
humerus
• Insertion Point:
Coronoid process of
ulna
• Joint Action: Elbow
Flexion
Brachioradialis
• Origin: Condyloid of
humerus
• Insertion Point: Radius
styloid process
• Joint Action: Elbow
Flexion
Triceps Brachii
(Long Head)
• Origin: Inferior lip of
glenoid fossa of scapula
• Insertion Point: Olecranon
process of ulna
• Joint Action: Elbow
Extension, weak shoulder
extension.
Triceps Brachii
(Lateral Head)
• Origin: Upper half of
posterior of humerus
• Insertion Point:
Olecranon process of
ulna
• Joint Action: Elbow
Extension
Rectus Abdominus
• Origin: Superior surface
of pubis around
symphysis
• Insertion Point: Costal
cartilage ribs 5-7 and
xiphoid process of
sternum
• Joint Action: Depresses
ribs / flexes vertebral
column
 Transversus
Abdominus
• Origin: Cartilage of
the lower ribs / iliac
crest and
lumbodorsal fascia
• Insertion Point:
Linea Alba, Pubis
• Joint Action:
Compresses
Abdomen
External Oblique
• Origin: Ribs 5th-12th /
Lumbodorsal fascia.
• Insertion Point: costal
cartilage 8-10 / linea Alba
and pubic
• Joint Action: Compresses
Abdomen / unilateral trunk
rotation
Internal Oblique
• Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia
iliac crest.
• Insertion Point: 10th – 12th
rib, pubis, linea alba
• Joint Action: Compresses
Abdomen / unilateral trunk
rotation and flexion.
 Latissimus
Dorsi
• Origin: T7-T12spinous
process, L1-L5 Thoraco
lumbar
fascia(TLF),posterior 1/3rd
iliac crest, 9th to 12th ribs,
scapula inferior angle.
• Insertion Point: Inter
tubercular groove of
humerus
• Joint Action: Extension,
adduction and internal
rotation of glenohumeral
joint
 Trapezius

• Origin: Base of skull ( nuchal line), C1-C6

nuchal ligament, C7 –T12 spinous
process.
• Insertion Point: Posterior aspect of the
lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromium,
scapular spine.
• Joint Action:
• Descending: elevates scapula
• Transverse: retract scapula
• Ascending:depress, upward rotation
of scapua
Levator Scapula
• Origin: Transversus
process of C1-C4
• Insertion Point:
superior angle of
scapula
• Joint Action: Elevation
of scapula, rotates
scapula downward
tilting the glenoid
cavity inferiorly.
 Rhomboid
• Origin: Spinious process
of C7 and T1-T5
• Insertion Point: Medial
border of Scapula
• Joint Action: Retraction,
elevation and rotation
of scapula, fixes scapula
to thoracic wall.
Serratus Anterior
• Origin: 1st – 9th ribs
• Insertion Point:
Medial border of
scapula ( from
superior to inferior
angle)
• Joint Action:
• Protraction of scapula.
• Upward rotation of
scapula.
Iliacus ( iliopsoas)
• Origin: illiac fossa
upper 2/3rd
• Insertion Point: base
of lesser trochanter
• Joint Action:
• Flexes the hip.
• externally rotates the
hip.
psoas ( iliopsoas)
• Origin:
• T12-L5 vertebral
bodies(lateral surface).
• Intervertebral discs.
• Insertion Point:
• Base of lesser
trochanter.
• Joint Action:
• Flexes the hip.
• externally rotates the
hip.
• On a fixed hip extends
the spine and also
laterally flexes the spine.
Piriformis
• Origin:
• Sacrum.
• Sacrotuberous ligament.
• Insertion Point:
• Greater trochanter
(superior border) .
• Joint Action:
• Flexes the hip.
• externally rotates the
thigh (if hip extended).
• Abducts thigh ( if hip
flexed).
• Stabilizes the hip joint.
Quadricep
(Vastus Lateralis)
• Origin: linia aspera( lateral
lip), greater trochanter
• Insertion Point: Lateral
border of patella and tibia
tuberosity via patellar
ligament.
• Joint Action: Knee
Extension
Quadricep
(Vastus Medialis)

• Origin: linea
aspera(medial lip)
• Insertion Point: Patella,
tibial tuberosity via
patella ligament.
• Joint Action: Knee
Extension
Quadricep
(Rectus Femoris)

• Origin: Iliac crest (AIIS)

and groove above the
acetabulum
• Insertion Point: Patellar
tendon to tibial
tuberosity
• Joint Action: Extension
of the knee and Flexion
of hip
Hamstring
(Semitendinosus)
• Origin: Ischial
tuberosity
• Insertion Point:
Upper medial surface
of tibia
• Joint Action: Flexion
of the knee,
extension of the hip
and internal rotation
of the hip
Hamstring
(Semimembranosus)
• Origin: Ischial
tuberosity
• Insertion Point: Medial
condyle of
tibia(posterior).
• Joint Action: Flexion of
the knee, extension of
the hip and internal
rotation of the hip.
 Hamstring
(bicep femoris)
• Origin:
• long head: Ischial tuberosity.
• Femur: linea aspera (lateral lip)
• Insertion Point: Lateral
aspect of head of fibula
• Joint Action: Flexion of the
knee, extension of the hip
and external rotation of the
hip.
Gastrocnemius
• Origin: Medial
femoral condyle and
lateral femoral
condyle.
• Insertion Point:
Posterior surface of
the calcaneous
(Achilles tendon)
• Joint Action: Planter
Flexion of the ankle,
assists knee flexion.
 Soleus
• Origin: Posterior
surface of fibula &
tibia
• Insertion Point:
Posterior surface of
calcaneous
• Joint Action: Planter
Flexion of the ankle,
stabilizes leg on foot.
Tibialis Anterior
• Origin: Lateral
condyle and lateral
surface of tibia
• Insertion Point:
First metatarsal
bone and
cuneiform.
• Joint Action: Dorsi
Flexion of foot,
inversion.
 Tibialis
Posterior
• Origin: Upper part of
tibia and fibula
• Insertion Point:
• Navicular tuberosity
• Cuniforms: medial
lateral and
intermediate.
• 2nd-4th metatarsal.
• Joint Action: Ankle
planter flexion,
inversion, supports
medial arch.
Gluteus Minimus
• Origin: Illium on gluteal
surface( btw anterior and
inferior gluteal line)
• Insertion Point: Greater
trochanter of the femur
(anterior surface)
• Joint Action: Abduction
of hip and medial
rotation of thigh.
Stabilizes pelvis)
Gluteus Medius
• Origin: Illium : gluteal
surface (btw anterior and
posterior Gluteal lines)
• Insertion Point: Greater
trochanter of femur
(lateral)
• Joint Action: Abduction
of the hip and medial
rotation of thigh,
stabilizes pelvis.
Gluteas Maximus
• Origin: 1/4 Sacrum and 3/4
Gluteal line.
• Insertion Point: Femur
gluteal tuberosity and IT
band.
• Joint Action: Extension of
the hip, lateral rotation of
the hip and stabilizes pelvis
on thigh. Upper fiber
abducts thigh, lower fiber
adducts thigh.
Characteristics of the Muscles
• Elasticity
• Extensibility
• Contractility
• Excitability
Classification of Muscles
 OTHER SYSTEMS
⮚ NERVOUS SYSTEM
⮚ VASCULAR SYSTEM
⮚ VICERAL SYSTEM
⮚ LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
⮚CARDIC SYSTEM
⮚ PULMONARY SYSTEM
ANY ANY QUESTIONS???