Endogenic

Process(Internal Heat)

Leo M. Afable
T – III(ANHS – SHS)
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 Objective:
At the end of the discussion, you will be able
to:
• describe where the Earth’s internal heat
comes from,
• describe how magma is formed
(magmatism), and
• describe what happens after the magma is
formed (plutonism and volcanism).
• What are the different
layers of the earth?
• What are the evidences
used by geologist in
identifying the structure of
the earths interior?
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•How does the temperature
and pressure changes as
you go deeper into the
earth?
• What might happen to the
earth if the inner core melts?
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• The layers of the Earth include the
crust, the mantle, and the core. The
core is the hottest layer of the Earth.
The heat coming from this layer is
responsible for all geological activities
happening on our planet. Volcanoes,
mountains, and continents were
formed because of this internal heat.
• Why is the core layer hot?
Internal Heat of the Earth

The Earth has three main layers: the

crust or the outermost layer, the
mantle or the middle layer, and the
core or the innermost layer.
• The crust is composed of solid
rocks and minerals. It holds all
known life forms on Earth.
 Internal Heat of the Earth

• The mantle is made up of mostly

solid rocks and minerals but have
areas of semi-solid magma.
• The core is made up of dense
metal, specifically, nickel and iron. It
is also considered as the center and
the hottest part of the Earth.
Processes in the
Earth’s Interior

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Mantle Convection
• Mantle convection is the
movement of the mantle as heat is
transferred from the core to the
crust.
• The temperature of the mantle
varies depending whether it is near
the crust or near the boundary of
the core.
• The principal contributors to
the heat of the core come from
the decay of radioactive
elements and from the heat of
the molten outer core which
solidifies near the inner core.
Magmatism
•Magmatism is the activity or
the motion of the magma.
Rocks that are subjected to
high temperature and pressure
melt and become the magma. 
Magmatism

• Magma is a semi-liquid molten rock

mixture that can be found in the
lower portion of the crust and the
upper part of the mantle. Depending
on the temperature, pressure, and
formations in the crust and the
mantle, the magma can be formed in
different ways.
Plutonism
• On 1788, James Hutton developed
the idea about plutonism.
• He stated that the formation of
intrusive igneous rocks or plutonic
rocks came from the solidification of
magma beneath the Earth’s surface.
Plutonism

•These rocks will reach the

Earth’s surface through the
process of uplifting - a force
that pulls the crust apart and
lets the rocks from the
underground to be brought
up.
 Plutonism
• When the hot molten magma does
not solidify, it will be brought up to
the Earth’s surface through uplifting.
When the magma reaches the
surface, it becomes lava - streams of
molten rocks that cool and solidify to
form extrusive igneous rocks.
Volcanism

• Magma is being brought up to the

surface through a volcano. 
• Volcano is any opening in the Earth’s
crust that allows magma and gases to
be released in the upper crust. This
process of bringing up the magma is
called volcanism.
What do you think?

• Where did the earth’s internal

heat came from?
• How is magma formed?
• What happens after magma
formation?

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 Key Points

• The three layers of the Earth are the crust, the mantle, and
the core.
• The principal contributors to the heat of the Earth's core are
the decay of radioactive elements and the heat of the
molten outer core near the inner core.
• Mantle convection is the movement of the mantle as heat
is transferred from the core to the crust.
• Earth’s heat budget drives most of the geologic processes
on Earth.
• Magma are rocks that melted when subjected to high
temperature and pressure.
• Magmatism is the activity or the motion of magma.
• Plutonism is the formation of intrusive igneous
rocks through the solidification of magma beneath
the Earth’s surface.
• Volcanism is the phenomenon of an eruption of
magma onto the surface of the Earth.
• Volcano is the opening on the Earth’s crust where
magma, gases, and hot vapor are being ejected or
released.
• Lava is the cooled and solidified magma upon
reaching the Earth’s surface.
Thank you!!!