Basics of Computer

System: Overview of
Hardware and Software
A computer system is composed of hardware and software components. Let's
explore the block diagram, key units, and their functionalities.

by Ganesh Ekambe
Overview of Computer
Systems
Understanding computer systems is essential to comprehend the inner workings
of modern technology. Let's delve into their fundamental aspects.
Block Diagram of a Computer
System
The block diagram illustrates the interconnections between key components
responsible for data processing and information storage.
Hardware Components
Input/Output Unit Central Processing Control Unit
Unit (CPU)
The I/O unit facilitates The control unit
communication between The CPU is the brain of coordinates the execution
the computer and the the computer system, of instructions, ensuring
external world, enabling executing instructions, the synchronized
the exchange of data and performing calculations, operation of various
commands. and managing all system components.
processes.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Memory Unit

The ALU handles arithmetic operations The memory unit stores data and
(addition, subtraction, etc.) and logical instructions temporarily or permanently,
operations (AND, OR, NOT) within the enabling the efficient retrieval and storage
CPU. of information.
Software Components
• System software: Manages hardware and provides an interface for users
to interact with the computer system.
• Application software: Performs specific tasks, such as word processing,
graphics editing, or data analysis.
• Programming languages: Enable the creation of software programs by
providing a set of instructions and rules.
• Operating systems: Control and coordinate system resources, offering an
interface for user interaction and managing processes.
Conclusion
Computer systems consist of integrated hardware and software components
working together harmoniously to process, store, and provide information
efficiently.