CHAPTER 4:COMPUTER

NETWORKS AND INTERNET

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OBJECTIVES:
 What is computer network?
 Describe the benefits associated with the use of a network
 Briefly describe Internet and the role of Internet service
providers

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 4.1 Computer Network
• A computer network is a collection of
computers and devices connected together
using various communication devices and
transmission media.

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 BENEFITS TO USE A COMPUTER
NETWORK
• Each computer on the network can access the hardware on the
Share
Hardware network, instead of providing each user with the same piece of
hardware

• Users connected to a network can access software on the

Share
Software network. Users use the same software installed on the server in
the network

• Any authorized user can access data and information stored on

Share Data &
Information a network. Any authorized employee can access the database
using a computer or mobile device connected to the network.

Facilitate • A network allows the employees in an organization to

Communicatio communicate with each other more easily & efficiently via
n email, video conferences, Internet messaging and more.

• Electronic funds transfer (EFT) allows users connected to a

Transfer
Funds network to exchange money from one account to another via
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transmission media.
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BENEFITS TO USE A
COMPUTER NETWORK

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Network that connects computers
and devices in an individual’s
workspace using wired and
wireless technology
 Devices include smartphones,
digital cameras, printers, and more.
 Example:
With a PAN, you can connect a
laptop , digital camera and portable
printer without physical cable.
Using cable / bluetooth

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES
 Local Area Networks (LAN)
 LAN is a network that connects
computers and devices in a limited
geographical area, such as a home,
school, office building.
 A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a LAN
that uses no physical wires.
 Computers and devices that access a
wireless LAN must have built-in
wireless capability or the appropriate
wireless network card, USB adapter,
or other wireless device.

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES
 Metropolitan Area Networks
(MAN)
 MAN is a is a high-speed network LAN
that connects local area networks in a LAN
metropolitan area, such as a city or
town, and handles the bulk of
communications activity across that
region.
MAN
 A MAN typically includes one or
more LANs, but covers a smaller
geographical area than a WAN LAN
 Phone companies, cable television LAN
providers, and other organizations
provide users with connections to the
MAN.

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES
 Wide Area Networks (WAN)
 A network that covers a large
geographic area (such as a city,
country, or the world) using a
variety of wired and wireless
transmission media
 WAN can be one largest network or
can consists of multiple LANs
connected together
 Internet is the world’s largest
computer network/ the world’s
largest WAN

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4.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS
AND INTERNET
 Intranet
 It is an internal network of computers belonging to
the same organisation.
 Provide authorised employees restricted access to an
organisation’s private data.

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4.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS
AND INTERNET
• Extranets
– An Extranet is formed by connecting an organisation’s
Intranet directly with other partners’ Internets (eg.
suppliers, customers, partners).
– Enables organisations to have direct interaction with
suppliers, customers and partners for the purpose of
conducting e-business or e-commerce.
– Package shipping companies, for example, allow
customers to access their intranet via an extranet to print
air bills, schedule pickups, and track shipped packages as
the packages travel to their destinations.

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4.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS
AND INTERNET
 Internet
 A worldwide collection of computer networks that
connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

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4.3 THE INTRANETS,
EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
Type Users Need User ID &
Password
Internet Anyone NO

Intranet Employees YES

Extranet Business partners YES

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4.3 THE INTRANETS,
EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
 The World Wide Web (or the web, for short) is a
global library of information available to anyone
connected to the Internet.
 The web consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents called a webpage.
 Webpage contain text, graphics, audio, video, and
hyperlink.
 A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection
to other documents, graphics, audio files, videos,
webpages, or websites. 20
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4.3 THE INTRANETS,
EXTRANETS AND INTERNET
 A website is a collection of related webpages,
which are stored on a web server.
 A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computer or mobile device.
 A browser is software that enables users with an
Internet connection to access and view webpages
on a computer or mobile device. Example: Internet
Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome.

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  People around the world access the web to accomplish the
following types of online tasks:

Communicate with Share information,

Search for
Conduct research and meet other photos, and videos
information
people with others

Access news, Participate in online Shop for goods and Play games with
weather, and sports training services others

Download or listen Download or read Make reservations

Watch videos
to music books

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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 Search Engines
 Search engine is software that finds websites,
webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other
information related to a specific topic.

 Example: Bing, Google and Yahoo.

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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 Email
 Email is the transmission of messages and files via a
computer network.
 Example: Gmail, Yahoo mail

 Instant Messaging
 occur in real-time, are communications services that
notify you when one or more of your established contacts
are online and then allows you to exchange messages or
files or join a private chat room with them
 Example: Facebook messenger
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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET

 Chat Room
 A chat is a real-time typed conversation that
takes place on a computer or mobile device
with many other online users.
 A chat room is a website or application that
permits users to chat with others who are
online at the same time.
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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 Online Discussions
 An online discussion, or discussion forum, is an
online area in which users have written discussions
about a particular subject
 To participate in a discussion, a user posts a message,
called an article, and other users read and reply to the
message.

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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 Social Network
 Online social network, or social networking site, is a
website that encourages members in its online
community to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered users.
 Example: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram

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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 Informational and Research
 An informational and research website contains factual
information. Examples include libraries, encyclopaedias,
dictionaries, directories, guides, and other types of reference.
 Users can find guides on numerous topics, such as health and
medicine, research paper documentation styles, and grammar
rules.

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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 Media Sharing
 Enables members to manage and share media such as
photos, videos, and music. These websites are sometimes
called photo sharing sites, video sharing sites, and music
sharing sites, respectively
 Example: YouTube is an example of video sharing site.

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4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 News, Weather, Sports, and other Mass
Media
 News, weather, sports, and other mass media websites
contain newsworthy material, including stories and
articles relating to current events, life, money, politics,
weather, and sports.
 Users often can customize these websites so that they can
receive local news or news about specific topics.

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 4.4 SERVICES OF INTERNET
 Blogs
 is an informal website consisting of time-stamped articles, or
posts, in a diary or journal format.
 People create and use to write about their observations,
experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics.
 Wikis and Collaboration
 Type of collaborative website that allows users to create, add,
modify, or delete the website content via a browser. Wikis can
include articles, documents, photos, or videos.
 Many companies, for example, set up wikis as an intranet for
employees to collaborate on projects or access information,
procedures, and documents.
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CLOUD COMPUTING
 It uses the Internet and the web to shift many of
these computer activities from the user’s computer
to other computers on the Internet.
 Rather than relying solely on their computer, users
can now use the Internet to connect to the cloud and
access more powerful computers, software, and
storage from anywhere.

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HOME AND BUSINESS USERS CHOOSE
CLOUD COMPUTING FOR A VARIETY OF
REASONS:
 Accessibility: Data and/or applications are available
worldwide from any computer or device with an
Internet connection.
 Cost savings: The expense of software and high-end
hardware, such as fast processors and high-capacity
memory and storage devices, shifts away from the user.
 Space savings: Floor space required for servers,
storages devices, and other hardware shifts away from
the user.

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 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
 Internet of Things (IoT) is the continuing development
of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded
with electronic devices to send and receive data over the
Internet.
 These everyday objects include smartphones, wearable
devices, and even coffeemakers.
 For example, the Fitbit is a bracelet that monitors health
data and sends that data to your smartphone or personal
web pages using web or mobile apps.

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For example, Apple’s Health App, can access your
Fitbit data, combine it with other related health data,
analyze the data, and report back to you through
your smartphone.

These reports provide information about your

health, including your heart rate, steps taken each
day, and an estimate of daily calories burned.

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THE END….
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