CHAPTER

4:COMPUTER
NETWORKS AND
INTERNET

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OBJECTIVES:
 What is computer network?
 Describe the benefits associated with the use of a network
 Briefly describe Internet and the role of Internet service
providers

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 4.1 Computer Network
• A computer network is a collection of
computers and devices connected together
using various communication devices and
transmission media.

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Network that connects computers
and devices in an individual’s
workspace using wired and
wireless technology
 Devices include smartphones,
digital cameras, printers, and more.
 Example:
With a PAN, you can connect a
laptop , digital camera and portable
printer without physical cable.

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES
 Local Area Networks (LAN)
 LAN is a network that connects
computers and devices in a limited
geographical area, such as a home,
school, office building.
 A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a LAN
that uses no physical wires.
 Computers and devices that access a
wireless LAN must have built-in
wireless capability or the appropriate
wireless network card, USB adapter,
or other wireless device.

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES

 Metropolitan Area Networks

LAN
(MAN)
LAN
 MAN is a is a high-speed network
that connects local area networks in a
metropolitan area, such as a city or
town, and handles the bulk of
communications activity across that MAN
region.

LAN
LAN

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 4. 2 NETWORK TYPES
 Wide Area Networks (WAN)
 A network that covers a large
geographic area (such as a city,
country, or the world) using a
variety of wired and wireless
transmission media
 Internet is the world’s largest
computer network/ the world’s
largest WAN

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4.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS
AND INTERNET
 Intranet
 It is an internal network of computers belonging to
the same organisation.
 Provide authorised employees restricted access to an
organisation’s private data.

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4.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS
AND INTERNET

• Extranets
– An Extranet is formed by connecting an
organisation’s Intranet directly with other partners’
Internets (eg. suppliers, customers, partners).
– Enables organisations to have direct interaction with
suppliers, customers and partners for the purpose of
conducting e-business or e-commerce.

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4.3 THE INTRANETS, EXTRANETS
AND INTERNET
 Internet
 A worldwide collection of computer networks that
connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

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Type Users Need User ID &
Password
Internet Anyone NO

Intranet Employees YES

Extranet Business partners YES

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 The World Wide Web (or the web, for short) is a
global library of information available to anyone
connected to the Internet.
 The web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents called a webpage.
 Webpage contain text, graphics, audio, video, and
hyperlink.
 A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to
other documents, graphics, audio files, videos,
webpages, or websites.
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 A website is a collection of related webpages,
which are stored on a web server.
 A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computer or mobile device.
 A browser is software that enables users with an
Internet connection to access and view webpages
on a computer or mobile device. Example: Internet
Explorer, Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome.

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 People around the world access the web to accomplish the
following types of online tasks:

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 Search Engines
 Search engine is software that finds websites,
webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other
information related to a specific topic.
 Example: Bing, Google and Yahoo.

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 Email
 Email is the transmission of messages and files via a
computer network.
 Example: Gmail, Yahoo mail

 Instant Messaging
 occur in real-time, are communications services that
notify you when one or more of your established contacts
are online and then allows you to exchange messages or
files or join a private chat room with them
 Example: Facebook messenger
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 Chat Room
 A chat is a real-time typed conversation that
takes place on a computer or mobile device
with many other online users.
 A chat room is a website or application that
permits users to chat with others who are
online at the same time.
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 Online Discussions
 An online discussion, or discussion forum, is an
online area in which users have written discussions
about a particular subject
 To participate in a discussion, a user posts a message,
called an article, and other users read and reply to the
message.

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 Social Network
 Online social network, or social networking site, is a
website that encourages members in its online
community to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered users.
 Example: Facebook, Twitter

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 Informational and Research
 An informational and research website contains factual
information. Examples include libraries, encyclopaedias,
dictionaries, directories, guides, and other types of reference.
 Users can find guides on numerous topics, such as health and
medicine, research paper documentation styles, and grammar
rules.

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 Media Sharing
 Enables members to manage and share media such as
photos, videos, and music. These websites are sometimes
called photo sharing sites, video sharing sites, and music
sharing sites, respectively
 Example: YouTube is an example of video sharing site.

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 News, Weather, Sports, and other Mass
Media
 News, weather, sports, and other mass media websites
contain newsworthy material, including stories and
articles relating to current events, life, money, politics,
weather, and sports.
 Users often can customize these websites so that they can
receive local news or news about specific topics.

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 Blogs
 is an informal website consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in
a diary or journal format.
 People create and use to write about their observations, experiences,
and feelings on a wide range of topics.
 Wikis and Collaboration
 Type of collaborative website that allows users to create, add, modify,
or delete the website content via a browser. Wikis can include articles,
documents, photos, or videos.
 Many companies, for example, set up wikis as an intranet for
employees to collaborate on projects or access information, procedures,
and documents.
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