WORLD

ENGLISH’S
Which of the following vocabulary
items and phrases do you use
frequently?
SWEET CAND
? Y?
NEIGH NEIGHB
BOR? OUR?
ORGAN ORGANI
ISE? ZE?
FILM? MOVIE?
CATALO CATALO
GUE? G?
YOURS SINCER
SINCER ELY
ELY? YOURS?
 WORLD
ENGLISH’S
A term being used for emerging localized or
indigenized varieties of English, especially
varieties that have developed in territories
influenced by foreign country.
 WORLD ENGLISH’S VS.
WORLD ENGLISH
 World English - refers to the English language as a
lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and
other spheres of global activity.
 World English’s - refers to the different varieties of
English and English-based creoles developed in different
regions of the world.
BRAJ KACHRU
The Expanding Circle
• China, Egypt, Indonesia, Israel, Korea, Nepal, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan,
Russia, Zimbabwe

The Outer Circle

• Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Zambia

The Inner Circle

• USA, UK, Canada,
Australia, New Zealand
 Kachru’s Concentric Circles of
English

 Represents the traditional  English has been  Includes the rest of the
bases of English institutionalized as world where English is
 Dominated by the used as the primary
an additional
“mother-tongue” language foreign language.
varieties of the language
 WORLD ENGLISH’S

QUIRK Schneider
Quirk states that language Schneider view
spreads due to globalization as an
 Demographical important factor in the
 Econocultural spread of English.
 Imperial factors.
 WORLD ENGLISH’S
Crystal
According to Crystal, when a country becomes independent, there is a natural
reaction to refrain from using the linguistic character imposed by its colonial past
and to look for native languages to provide a symbol for nationhood. As a result,
new ways of talking and writing develop and indigenous words become
privileged.
 WORLD ENGLISH’S

Mahoob
In a case study of Pakistani English, Mahboob proves that English
spoken in Pakistan reflects their cultural and Islamic values, and it
has been modified to achieve linguistic and pragmatic competence in
a Muslim country.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISHES
Native Language (ENL); the primary language of the majority population
of a country, such as in the United States, the United Kingdom and
Australia.
Second Language (ESL); an additional language for intranational as well as
international communication
in communities that are multilingual, such as in
India, Nigeria, and Singapore. Most of these
English’s developed as a result of imperial
expansion that brought the language to various parts
of the world.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISHES

Foreign Language (EFL); used almost exclusively for

international communication, such as in Japan.
 The Nativisation Continuum Of World
Englishes (NCWEs)

1. DIFFUSION - English is spread as a result of

colonization , globalization or by any other mean.

2. INDUCTION - English is officially accepted as a

language used for education , trade, communication
and so on.
 The Nativisation Continuum Of World
Englishes (NCWEs)

3.CUSTOMISATION - L1 and other local languages start

to reshape English slowly by giving it a local touch.
Indigenous words form and structure get incorporated into
English
4.NATIVE RECOGNATION -People start to use English
unconsciously without associating with its parent varieties.
thankyou
Any questions?