WORLD

ENGLISHES

CONCLUSION:
ENGLISH LANGUAGE IS DOMINANT
(VIRTUAL LANGUAGE)
 International language is regarded as a tool
For people to promote unity in diversity.
English will remain as a dominant language.
However, English is an international language that
each speaker misrepresented to conform to his
Cultural and values where the speaker belongs.
Is English spoken in the same approach?
Do the Australians employ the same English
as the Americans, Canadians and the Indians?
Do these countries even speak the same
English as they did centuries ago before
the world gave birth to world globalization?
World Englishes refers to various English usage.
o It is not a matter of the actual language being distributed but of the virtual language
being spread and in the process being variously actualized.
o The distribution of the actual language implies adoption and conformity.
o The spread of virtual language implies adaptation and nonconformity. The two
processes are quite different.
o In this new paradigm, English spreads and adapts according to the linguistic and
cultural preferences of its users.
 MORE ABOUT WORLD ENGLISHES
• Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, English and Spanish
are six official languages of United Nations.
• In the first session of the United
Nations General Assembly in 1946, English and
French were adopted as two working languages.
• When we interact with other nationalities, we
hear different deviation from the standard English.
For Kachru, the spread of English can
be explained by two diasporal transportations concept.
1. The first dispersal was within the inner
circle where a monolingual English-speaking population
migrated on large scale countries throughout world.
2.The second diasporas of the outer and
expanding circle was the influence of British.
For Quirk, language spreads due to demographical,
econocultural and imperial factors which leads dominance.
For Schneider the spread is due Globalization.
According to Crystal, during the independence of a country there is a natural
reaction to refrain from using the linguistic character imposed by its colonial past
and to look for native languages to provide a symbol for nationhood. As a result,
new ways of talking and writing develop and indigenous words become privilege.
When the internet started it was of course 100 percent English because of where it came from, but since
the 1980s that status has started to fall away.
By 1995, it was down to about 80 per cent present of English on the internet, and the current figures for
2001 are that it is hovering somewhere between 60 percent and 70 percent, with a significant drop likely
over the next four or five years.
On the other hand, there are at least 1500 languages present on the internet now and that figure is likely
to increase. Nevertheless, Crystal predicts that English will retain its dominant presence.
The Nativisation Continuum of World Englishes
(NCWEs)
Diffusion- English is spread as a result of
colonization, globalization or by any other mean.
Induction- English is officially accepted as a language
used for education,trade, communication and etcetera.
Customisation-Local languages starts to reshape English slowly
by giving it a local touch. Indigenous
words form and structure get incorporated English.
Native recognition- people starts to use English unconsciously without
associating with its parent varieties( original usage).

Therefore, English language is dominant of its

presence and at the same time has
its own adaptation to a specific cluster
of nationalities which enable its spread to
a specific goal- attaining unity in diversity.
 MEMBERS:
Luigi John B. Ilongo
John Rodolfo Robles
Joshua Roland P. Salado
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!!!