BLOOD BRAIN

BARRIER
 HISTORY
blood brain barrier was first discover by scientist
paul Ehrlich in 1882.It was observe more than 50
years ago, that when trypan blue, the acidic de
was injected into living animals, all the tissues of
body were stained by it, except suggest that there
was a hypothetical barrier which prevent the
diffusion of trypon blue in the brain tissues from
the capllaries. this barrier was named by blood
brain barrier.[BBB]
WHAT IS BLOOD BRAIN
BARRIER

 BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER [BBB] is a neuroprptective

Structure that prevent the entry of many substances and
Pathogens into the brain tissues from blood.

 It is found in the capillary membrane of all parts of the

Brain,expect in some area of hypothalamus.
STRUCTURE OF BLOOD
BRAIN BARRIERS
 Tight junction in the endothelial cells of brain capillaries are
Responsible for [BBB] mechanism.

 In capillaries of other organs, adjacent endothelial cells leave

The cleft called fenestra, which allows transeytosis of several
Substance through endothelium.

 In capillaries of brain, fenestra are absent because,the

Endothelial cells fuses with each other by tight junction.
Tight junction are formed between endothelical cell of
the capillaries at
Childhood at the same time astrocytes [neuroglial cell]
develop around capillaries and reinforce the barrier.

 Pericytes also form the important

cellular constituent of BBB. These cell play an
important role in formation and maintenance of
tight junction and structural stability of the barrier.
FUNCTION OF BLOOD
BRAIN BARRIER
 BBB act as both a mechanical barrier an d transport mechanisms

 IT Prevents prentially harmfull chemical substances and permits

metabolic and esseintial materials into the brain tissues.

 BBB provides healthy environment for the nerve cells of brain by

preventing injurious materials and organisms.
Substance which can pass
Through blood brain barrier
 Oxygen
 Glucose
 Water
 Carbon dioxide
 Amine acids
 Electrolytes
 Drugs such as – L-dopa, tetracycline and many lipid soluble drungs.
 Lipid soluble anesthetic gases such as ether and nitrous oxide.
 Other lipid soluble substances.
Substances which cannot
Pass through BBB
 Injurious chemical agents.
 Pathogens such as bacteria
 Drugs such as penicillin
Dopamine is also cannot pass through BBB. So parkinsonism is treated
With L-dopa instead of dopamine.
 Bile pigments- since the barrier is not well developed in infants,the
Bile pigment enter the brain tissue.
During jaundice in infants, the bile pigment enter brain and causes
Damaged of basal ganglia.
Thank you