Deals with triangles and interrelationships of

the sides and angles of triangles.

 Derived from three Greek word

 Treis –three
 Goni – angle
 Metron – measurement

Angle – is defined as a figure formed by the

intersection of two lines.
Two branches of
Trigonometry
 Plane Trigonometry – concerned with angles,
triangles and other figures which lie on a
plane.
 Spherical Trigonometry – concerned with
spherical triangle that is formed by the arcs of
great circles on a spherical surface.
The four principal systems and
units in measuring angles are:
SYSTEM UNIT
Sexagesimal System degree
Circular or Natural System radian
Centesimal or Grade System Grade
Mil System mil
The Sexagesimal System

The degree measures of the angle is the number of

degrees of rotation
A complete rotation or cycle is equal to one
revolution. One revolution of a side is equivalent
to 360⁰. The degree is further divided into 60
equal parts called minute, and the minute is
further divided into 60 equal parts called second.
One revolution = 360⁰
1⁰ = 60’
1’ = 60”
The Circular or natural System

The unit of measurement in this system is

radian.
Radian – is the central angle subtended by a
circular arc whose length is equal to the
radius of the circle.
One revolution = 2π radians
The Centesimal or Grade System

In this system, a right angle is

divided into 100 equal parts. 90⁰ is
equivalent to 100 grades.
Therefore:
400 grades = one revolution = 360⁰
The Mil system

This mil system is used in

military science. In this
system, 2π radian
corresponds to 6400 mils.
2π radians = 360⁰ = 6400 mils
= one revolution
Relationship between degree
measure and Radian Measure
The circumference of a circle is equal to 2πr. The
circumference subtends an angle equal to
2πr/r or 2π radians. Since one circumference is
equivalent to one revolution, then
2π radians = 360⁰
π radians = 180⁰
1 radian = 180⁰/π
= 57⁰17’45” or
1⁰ = 0.017453 radian
Since π radians is equivalent to 180⁰,
then the ratio of the number of
degrees to 180⁰ is equal to the ratio of
the number of radians in the angle to
π. For any angle measured,

Number of degrees = number of radians

180⁰ π
Example 1. Express 120⁰ in radian measure
Method 1
120⁰ x π = 2π radian
180⁰ 3
Method 2
No. of degrees = no. of radians
180 π
Let x = number of radians
120⁰ = x
180⁰ π
x = 120⁰ π = 2π radian
180⁰ 3
Relationship Between the Unit of Angle
and the Unit of Time
Number of minute spaces the minute hand turns = 60 minute spaces
Number of minute spaces the hour hand turns = 5 minute spaces

Let M = Number of minute spaces the minute hand turns

H = Number of minute spaces the hour hand turns

H= 5 x M
60
H= 1 x M
12
In Angular units:
60 minute spaces = 360⁰
One minute space = 360⁰/60 = 6⁰
Therefore in one minute of time:
Minute hand turns = 6⁰ ;
hour hand turns = 1 x 6⁰ = (1/2)⁰
12
Relationship between the Arc and
its Central Angle

θ= s
r
s = rθ
where r = radius of the circle
s = length of the arc
θ = central angle (expressed in
radian units)
Angular Velocity
ω= θ or θ = ωt eq. 1
t
s = rθ eq. 2

Substitute eq. 1 to eq. 2

s = ωtr eq. 3
but s = vt substitute vt to s to the eq. 3
vt = ωtr
Simplify:
v=ωr
Where:
r = radius
v = linear velocity
ω = angular velocity in radian /
time unit
 Area of Sector
Sector of a circle – is a portion of the circle
bounded by two radii and their
intercepted arc.
In plane geometry, the area of a sector is
equal to one-half the length of its arc
times the radius of the circle.
Area of a sector = ½ rs where s= length
of the arc
Substitute s = rθ then,
Area of the Sector = ½ r2θ