Pr2 q1m1 Handouts

PRACTICAL
RESEARCH
2
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
JEITER D. ARGUELLES
Teacher III
9/3/20XX Practical Research 2 2

Grading
System
9/3/20XX Practical Research 2 3

Requirements
• Small Notebook
• Portfolio
• Individual Learner’s Record Card
9/3/20XX Presentation Title 4

Pre-test
Directions: Read
and analyze the
statements. Choose
the letter of the
correct answer.
DESCRIPTIVE
CORRELATIONAL
SOMETIMES TRUE
NEVER TRUE
SOMETIMES TRUE
Introduction
Research is an organized investigation and
study of materials and sources to create
facts and reach new inferences. Research
has come up with developing appropriate
solutions to improve the individual’s
quality of life. Although it may take place
in a different setting and may use different
methods, scientific research is universally a
systematic and objective search for reliable
knowledge (Walker, 2010).
46
Introduction
Research is a verified approach of thinking
and employing legalized instruments and
steps to obtain a more adequate solution to
a problem that is otherwise impossible to
address under ordinary means (Crawford,
as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995).
47
Introduction
2 Categories:
1. Basic Research
• This is the type of research that is a
purely direct application but increasing
the nature of understanding about the
problem. It develops the scientific
theories to be more understandable to
the readers.

Introduction
2 Categories:
2. Applied Research
• It is a type of research that needs an
answer to a specific question. It
provides solutions and validation in
order to apply to the real setting.

Introduction to
Quantitative
Research
Quantitative Research
• based on the measurement or quantity

• uses scientifically collected and statistically
analyzed data to investigate observable phenomena

A phenomenon is any existing or observable fact or

situation that we want to unearth further or
understand.

Once data is collected, it will undergo

statistical analysis like Pearson’s r, t-test, and
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for analysis. Since
data is analyzed statistically, it is imperative that the
data obtained must be numerical and quantifiable.

Numerical data are generally easier to collect than

descriptions or phrases used in qualitative research.

Examples:
• Student’s grades in different subjects
• Number of hours of engagement in social media
platforms of teens
• Percentage of consumers who prefer the color blue for
soap packaging
• Average of daily COVID-19 patient recovery per region

Some data are not directly countable and thus

require conversion from non-numerical information
into numerical information.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is commonly used in natural

sciences research problems because of the following
characteristics:
1. Large Sample Size.

To obtain more meaningful statistical results, the data
must come from a large sample size.
64
2. Objectivity
Data gathering and analysis of results are done
accurately, objectively, and are unaffected by the
researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.
65
3. Concise Visual Presentation

Data is numerical which makes presentation through
graphs, charts, and tables possible and with better
conveyance and interpretation.
66
4. Faster Data Analysis.

The use of statistical tools gives way to a less time-
consuming data analysis.
67
5. Generalized Data
Data taken from a sample can be applied to the
population if sampling is done accordingly, i.e.,
sufficient size and random samples were taken.
68
6. Fast and Easy Data Collection

Depending on the type of data needed, collection
can be quick and easy. It uses standardized research
instruments that allow the researcher to collect data
from a large sample size efficiently.
69
7. Reliable Data
Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a
sample as a representative of the population, making
it more credible and reliable for policymaking and
decision-making.
70
8. High Replicability
The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify
findings enhancing its validity, free from false or
immature conclusions.
71
1. Large Sample Size

2. Objectivity
3. Concise Visual Presentation
4. Faster Data Analysis
5. Generalized Data
6. Fast and Easy Data Collection
7. Reliable Data
8. High Replicability 72
Advantages of Quantitative Research
1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to
predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and
effect
74
Advantages of Quantitative Research
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical

software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or
repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established
75
Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or

concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of
human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by
numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
76
Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
5. The participants are limited to choose only from

the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate
responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more
costly.
77
Kinds of Quantitative Research
1. Descriptive
2. Correlational
3. Ex post facto
4. quasi-experimental
5. Experimental
79
1. Descriptive design
• Is used to describe a particular phenomenon by
observing it as it occurs in nature.
• There is no experimental manipulation and the
researcher does not start with a hypothesis.
80
1. Descriptive design
• The goal of descriptive research is only to describe
the person or object of the study.
• An example of descriptive research design is “the
determination of the different kinds of physical
activities and how often high school students do it
during the quarantine period.”
81
2. The correlational design

• Identifies the relationship between variables.
• Data is collected by observation since it does not
consider the cause and effect
• Example: “the relationship between the amount of
physical activity done and student academic
achievement”
82
3. Ex post facto design

• Is used to investigate a possible relationship
between previous events and present conditions
• The term “Ex post facto” means after the fact, looks
at the possible causes of an already occurring
phenomenon
83
3. Ex post facto design

• There is no experimental manipulation in this
design
• Example: “How does the parent’s academic
achievement affect the children’s obesity?”
84
4. A quasi-experimental design
• is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship
of variables.
• has lesser validity due to the absence of random
selection and assignment of subjects
• the independent variable is identified but not
manipulated
85
4. A quasi-experimental design
• The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of
subjects
• The group exposed to treatment (experimental) is
compared to the group unexposed to treatment
(control)
• Example: “The effects of unemployment on attitude
towards following safety protocol in ECQ-declared
areas”
86
5. Experimental design
• like quasi-experimental is used to establish the
cause and effect relationship of two or more
variables
• This design provides a more conclusive result
because it uses random assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations
87
5. Experimental design
• Example: “a comparison of the effects of various
blended learning to the reading comprehension of
elementary pupils”
88
Presentation Title 90
“Research is creating new
Thank you knowledge”
-Neil Armstrong

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PRACTICAL

9/3/20XX Practical Research 2 2

9/3/20XX Practical Research 2 3

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 4

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 48

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 49

• based on the measurement or quantity

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 57

A phenomenon is any existing or observable fact or

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 58

Once data is collected, it will undergo

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 59

Numerical data are generally easier to collect than

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 60

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 61

Some data are not directly countable and thus

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 62

Quantitative research is commonly used in natural

1. Large Sample Size.

3. Concise Visual Presentation

4. Faster Data Analysis.

6. Fast and Easy Data Collection

1. Large Sample Size

5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical

1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or

5. The participants are limited to choose only from

2. The correlational design

3. Ex post facto design

3. Ex post facto design

9/3/20XX Presentation Title 91

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