INTRODUCE

D SPECIES
• ECOLOGICAL BALANCE (FEATURES, IMPORTANCE,
DISRUPTION)
• NATIVE SPECIES
• INTRODUCED SPECIES
• INVASIVE SPECIES
• https://www.menti.com/xmhog4hcz5
FEATURES Equilibrium between living
organisms such as human being,
plants, and animals as well as their
OF A environment.

WELL-
BALANCE Sufficient food availability to all
living organisms.

D
ECOSYSTE Stability of all living organisms.
M
WHY IS IT
IMPORTANT TO
KEEP THE
BALANCE OF AN
ECOSYSTEM
INTACT?
• Survival of all organisms.
• Each organism thrive and multiply as expected.
• They get enough food to keep them alive.
• Leads to the continuous existence of the organisms.
• Ensures that no species is exploited or overused.
• Enhances a stable environment that is free from ecological
imbalances such as flood, hunger caused by drought, windstorm
that may wipe out everything and over hunting of the predators.
 Wildfires. Fire is a common disruption to ecosystems that can be

CAUSES
caused by nature or by human behavior.

Flooding.

OF Volcanic Eruptions.

ECOSYSTE Habitat Destruction.

M Introduced Species.

DISRUPTI Overhunting.

ON Pollution and Environmental Change

 NATIVE
SPECIES VS
INTRODUCED
SPECIES
NATIVE SPECIES
• Indigenous to a given region
or ecosystem.
• Eg: Bengal tiger.
• Endemic
species: exclusively found in a
particular place.
• Eg: Nilgiri Blue Robin, Nilgiri Hills

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

INTRODUCE • Species that have become established in areas
outside their natural range are known as "alien
D OR ALIEN species".

SPECIES
 When alien species can cause
significant harm to our environment,
the economy or to society, they are
referred to as "invasive alien
INVASIVE species".
ALIEN Capable of exploiting broad
SPECIES ecological niches.
When introduced to a new environment, they can
quickly outcompete native species for resources, such as
food and water.

Often lack predators, competitors, or parasites in their

new home.

Populations can grow rapidly without natural enemies to

keep them in check.

Almost always spread by human activity: increase of

activities such as tourism and trade; often take invasive
species with them, accidentally or intentionally.
 • Lantana camera:
INVASIVE PLANT Colonization or through
SPECIES OF INDIA travelers.
• Water hyacinth:
Ornamental species for
its floating habit and
beautiful flowers.
• Parthenium:
As contaminants in
wheat.
INVASIVE ANIMAL
SPECIES OF INDIA
• Cotton mealy bug
With mango seedlings
• Papaya Mealy Bug
With imported apple
• Amazon sailfin catfish
Aquarium trade
ARE ALL INTRODUED
SPECIES INVASIVE?

• Not all introduced species are invasive.

• They can sometimes be beneficial.
• For example, foods like potatoes and
tomatoes come from plants that were
introduced to the rest of the world from the
Americas.
• An introduced species is only considered
invasive if it causes harm.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

HOME • List some native species and alien invasive species
ASSIGNMEN in India. How were they introduced? How did they
impact the ecosystem?
T
INTRODUCED
SPECIES IN
NEW ZEALAND
• Species in New Zealand were
different from that of other
countries. (they got
separated from the other
countries years ago)
THINGS CHANGED ON THE ARRIVAL OF HUMANS... WHY?
 Click to add text

A WELL-BALANCED IMBALANCED ECOSYSTEM

ECOSYSTEM
 BEFORE
HUMANS...
• No predatory mammals.
• Many of the native species of bird nest on
the Ground.
• No predators = safe environment for
the eggs and young birds.
• Adults of several species of native bird
couldn’t fly.
• Eg: KIWI

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

 AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF
HUMANS...
• Brought species that didn’t belong in New
Zealand.
• Rats
In boats with humans.
Eat the eggs of birds and young birds.
• Sheep
Brought by farmers for meat and wool
• Rabbits
As food
Eats grass in sheep pastures.
• Stoats
Brought to control the rabbits.
 STOATS
• PREDATORS AND HUNTERS
• Breed rapidly
• Kill and eat birds
• Made many bird species go extinct
• 53 native bird species are now extinct-
hunting and killing by humans +
introduced invasive species.
• Eg: Laughing owl
• Difficult to eradicate/ or get rid of.
ACTICITY TIME
• Buffelgrass, a plant species native to Africa
and Asia was introduced to the Sonoran
desert as food for cattle. It takes up food
and nutrients from the soil and it grows at
a fast rate as well.
a) What do you call such species?
b) How will buffelgrass affect the Sonoran
desert ecosystem?
c) Is it easy to eradicate such species from
the ecosystem? Substantiate with
reasons.