Bus Math-Module 3.2 Proportion

Proportions
1
“The result of your
work is
proportional to the
amount of effort
you put into it.”
2
Proportion expresses that two things are equal. It is
essential in deciding if things are fair.
3
Disproportionate: when
something is too small or too
big compared to something
else.
4
PRODUCT SALES
The sales of products x, y, and z in a month are ₱90,000, ₱67,500, and ₱112,500,
respectively. The ratio of the sales of x to the sales of y is 4:3. Suppose that the sales of
product x next month are forecast to be ₱81,000. What will be the sales of product y if
the sales of the two products maintain the same ratio?
5
SOLUTION
Step 1: Step 2:
Let the ratio of sales of x and y Rewrite the expression in Step 1 in
be 4:3. That is, symbols equating them.
x:y=4:3
”x is to y, as 4 is to 3”
or
6
SOLUTION
Step 3: Step 4:
Substitute x = ₱81,000 and Clear the fraction by using cross
solve for y. multiplication
₱81,000 ⋅ 3 = 4y
₱243,000 = 4y
7
SOLUTION
Step 5: Divide both sides of the equation by 4 to find the answer.
● The projected sales of product y next month is ₱60,750.
8
QUESTIONS TO PONDER
1. In the given problem, what type of numbers and measurements were compared?
2. What does proportion denote about the relationship between these numbers and
measurements?
3. What do operations on proportions aim to verify or calculate?
9
This lesson aims to target the following DepEd competencies:
● Write proportions illustrating real-life situations

(ABM_BM11RP-Ie-2).
● Solve problems involving direct, inverse, and partitive
proportion (ABM_BM11RP-Ie-4).
10
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
● Describe the difference of proportions from ratios.
● Demonstrate the properties of proportion.
● Solve problems involving proportions.
11
How can proportion express fairness in
business transactions?
12
PROPORTION
● In ratio, the numerator and denominator dependent on

each other.
○ when one variable changes, it affects the other
● This concept will help you understand the concept of
proportion.
13
RATIO PROPORTION
● compares two quantities with ● compares two or more ratios

the same unit ● expresses that these ratios are
● written in fraction or equal
percentage ● written using the symbols:
● when in proportion, it is :: or =
written as fraction
14
DEFINITION OF PROPORTION
● refers to a part, share, or number considered in correlative

relation to a whole
● two sets can be directly or inversely proportional
15
DEFINITION OF PROPORTION
DIRECTLY INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL PROPORTIONAL
● if two sets of given ● if one quantity

numbers are increasing increases, and the other
or decreasing in the quantity decreases in
same ratio the same ratio
● y∝ x ● y ∝1/x
16
PROPERTIES OF PROPORTION
PROPERTY 1
Means-Extremes Property or Cross-Product Property
17
PROPERTY 1
18
PROPERTY 2
Means or Extremes Switching Property
19
PROPERTY 2
20
PROPERTY 3
Upside down property
21
PROPERTY 3
22
PROPERTY 4
Denominator Addition/Subtraction Property
23
PROPERTY 4
Denominator Addition/Subtraction Property
24
Illustrating the Properties of Proportion
Joem drinks 8 ounces of orange juice for every 5 tarts he eats. If he eats 20
tarts, how many ounces of orange juice does he drink?
Let n be the unknown ounces of orange juice.
25
ILLUSTRATING THE PROPERTIES OF PROPORTION
By Cross-Product Property,
If values are not equal to one another then Property 1 will produce a false
statement.
26
ILLUSTRATING THE PROPERTIES OF
PROPORTION
By Means or Extremes Switching Property,
27
PROPORTION
By Upside-Down Property,
28
PROPORTION
By Denominator Addition/Subtraction Property,
29
A 2,205-POUND SEAWATER CROCODILE EATS 25 POUNDS
OF MEAT PER DAY. HOW MANY POUNDS OF MEAT WOULD
1 YOU EXPECT A 330-POUND SEAWATER CROCODILE TO EAT
PER DAY? EXPRESS YOUR ANSWER BY PRESENTING ALL THE
PROPERTIES OF PROPORTION.
Answer area
30
PROBLEMS INVOLVING PROPORTION
● to predict or project increase

in revenue if more products
are sold
● to determine the total selling
price if the quantity is
increased
31
● to determine if share in
profit or expenses are
proportional and fair
32
Example 1:
For every ₱1,500 Dania spends on her Mastercard, she earns 3 frequent flyer
miles with ABC Airlines. If Dania spends ₱91,350 on her card, how many
frequent flyer miles will she earn?
33
● Set up the proportion
● By cross multiplication,
34
● Simplify ● ✅ Check
35
Example 2:
One movie house sold 324 tickets in 4 days. At the rate, find the number of
tickets it can expect to sell in 14 days.
36
1,134 tickets are expected to be sold in 14 days.
37
GEORGINA PAID ₱5,805,000 FOR A 3-UNIT APARTMENT
2 HOUSE. FIND THE COST FOR A 12-UNIT APARTMENT HOUSE.
Answer area
38
The Effect of Oil Price Increase in Airline Recovery
The travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

adversely affected the travel and tourism industry. One of the
sectors severely hit was the airline sector, which had been
experiencing massive losses since 2019. The airline sector
looks forward to more favorable economic conditions to aid
their recovery.
Mercurio, Richmond, “Rising oil prices add to airlines,” The Philippine Star, January 26, 2022.
https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/01/26/2156321/rising-oil-prices-add-airlines-woes, last accessed February 3, 2022.
39
However, the rising oil prices would prevent the airline sector’s
full recovery. In January 2022, the price of oil hit a seven-year
high. According to airline executives, this hike in oil price
would further tighten their already tight margins.
Mercurio, Richmond, “Rising oil prices add to airlines,” The Philippine Star, January 26, 2022. h
ttps://www.philstar.com/business/2022/01/26/2156321/rising-oil-prices-add-airlines-woes, last accessed February 3, 2022.
40
Fuel accounts for a higher proportion in the operating costs of

low-cost carriers. Fuel is estimated to consist of about 30-50%
of total business cost. Considering this proportion, a 20%
increase in oil price, would directly cause an increase in the
cost of business operations, while adversely affecting revenues
and profit. According to airline executives, this mathematical
relationship already provides an unambiguous picture for the
future of the sector.
41
In the Philippines, business operations and production are

highly dependent on fuel. Thus, a tick in oil prices causes an
increase in the prices of basic commodities and services.
42
● Proportion compares two or more ratios, and expresses that these
are equal. Proportions are useful when comparing one measure or
magnitude to another. It is denoted by the symbol “::” or “=”.
43
Properties of Proportion Description
Property 1
Means-Extremes Property,
or Cross Product Property
Property 2
Means or Extremes
Switching Property
44
Properties of Proportion Description
Property 3
Upside-Down Property
Property 4
Denominator
Addition/Subtraction
Property
45
A. Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on the corresponding space.
1. Proportion is denoted using _________________ symbols.
Answer area
46
2. Ratios and proportions can be written as _________________.
Answer area
47
3. The ___________Property states that if
then,
Answer area
48
4. Inverse proportion can be expressed as ________________.
Answer area
49
5. __________describes two quantities that rise and fall in the

same ratio to each other.
Answer area
50
Winny opened a bakery shop and had sales of ₱16740 during the first four days. At the
rate, estimates sales for 52 days. Show your solution to present the following:
1. Property 1
Answer area
51
Winny opened a bakery shop and had sales of ₱16740 during the first four days. At the
rate, estimates sales for 52 days. Show your solution to present the following:
2. Property 2
Answer area
52
Answer the following questions:
1. John and Jay agree to be partners where their profits are

shared in a ratio of 3:5, respectively. If Jay receives ₱45,500,
how much profit goes to John?
Answer area
53
Answer the following questions:
2. Steve and his software developer friend, Ron, agreed to launch an online app.
They agreed to split the development cost in a ratio of 6:4 (Steve to Ron). Steve
paid ₱413,284.00 while Ron paid ₱305,523.00. Is the amount Ron paid fair in
terms of their agreement?
Answer area
54

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Proportions

● The projected sales of product y next month is ₱60,750.

● Write proportions illustrating real-life situations

● In ratio, the numerator and denominator dependent on

● compares two quantities with ● compares two or more ratios

● refers to a part, share, or number considered in correlative

● if two sets of given ● if one quantity

Means-Extremes Property or Cross-Product Property

Means or Extremes Switching Property

Upside down property

Denominator Addition/Subtraction Property

Denominator Addition/Subtraction Property

Let n be the unknown ounces of orange juice.

By Means or Extremes Switching Property,

By Denominator Addition/Subtraction Property,

● to predict or project increase

● Set up the proportion

1,134 tickets are expected to be sold in 14 days.

The travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

Fuel accounts for a higher proportion in the operating costs of

In the Philippines, business operations and production are

1. Proportion is denoted using _________________ symbols.

2. Ratios and proportions can be written as _________________.

3. The ___________Property states that if

4. Inverse proportion can be expressed as ________________.

5. __________describes two quantities that rise and fall in the

1. John and Jay agree to be partners where their profits are

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