PT.

RAVISHANKAR SHUKLA UNIVERSITY RAIPUR

SESSION-2022-23
SCHOOL OF STUDIES IN PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
TOPIC – GM COUNTER

PRESENTED BY
YASH KUMAR SAHU
MSC. 1ST SEM.
• Contents
• Contents
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Old picture
4. New picture
5. Principle
6. Construction
7. Working
8. Advantages
9. Disadvantages
10. Conclusion
Introduction
Contents
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Old picture
4. New picture
5. Principle
6. Construction
7. Working
8. Advantages
9. Disadvantages
10. Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

The Geiger Counter is an instrument for measuring ionizing radiation.

 It detects ionization radiations such as a-particles, B particles and y-rays using

the ionization effect produced in a Geiger-Müller tube.

 It is perhaps one of the world's best-known radiation detecting instrument.

History
 HISTORY
In 1908,the first model of G.M. Counter was developed by Hans Geiger and
Ernest Rutherford which was only capable of detecting a-particles .

In 1928, Geiger and Walther Muller developed advanced model of G.M. Counter
consisting of sealed G.M. Tube capable of detecting all kinds of radiations .

Interesting fact is that it was developed under supervision of Hans Geiger by

Walther Muller who , was PhD student of Sir Hans Geiger.
 OLD G.M. COUNTER
 NEW G.M. COUNTER
• Principle
• It works on the principle of ionization

• Giger Muller tube is filled with an inert gas such as helium neon or argon
at low pressure to which a high voltage is applied

• Tube briefly conducts electrical charge when a particle or photon of

incident radiation makes the gas conductive by ionization
• Advantages
• To detect radioactive rocks and minerals in the course of mineral prospecting

• To check for environmental level of radioactivity near a nuclear power facility

• To check possible leakage or exposure to X-rays in a medical facility

• Radiation detection in the scrap metal processing business

• Disadvantages
• Exact energies cannot be measured by it as it has lack of differentiating
abilities

• It cannot detect uncharged particles like neutrons

• It is less efficient due to large paralysis time limits and large dead time

• Quenching agent used in this counter often decomposes leading to less

lifetime of the G.M. counter
• Conclusion

• G.M. counter is the one which is primarily used due to its

advantages.Although itvis not free from disadvantages, still its uses
makes it preferable over other counters.

• G.M. counter are used in numerous fileds and it is regarded as the best
tool for detection and measurement of ionizing radiation
THANK YOU