EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Experimental Design

● is a detailed plan for collecting and using data to identify causal relationships
● are important for determining cause and effect relationship between dependent
variable and independent variable.
● A factor is a variable that the experimenter has selected for investigation.
● A treatment is a level of a factor.
● Experimental unitsare the objects of interest in the experiment.

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 Principles of Experimental Design
1. Randomization
is the assignment of the subjects in the study to treatment groups in a random way.

2. Replication
Replication refers to having multiple subjects in each group. The more subjects in
each group, the easier to determine whether any differences between the groups are
due to the treatment and not the characteristics of individuals in the groups

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 Principles of Experimental Design

3. Blocking
used when you are designing a randomized experiment to determine how one or more
treatments affect a given outcome. More specifically, blocking is used when you have
one or more key variables that you need to ensure are similarly distributed within your
different treatment groups. If you find yourself in this situation, blocking is a method
you can use to determine how to allocate your observational units (or the individual
subjects in your experiment) into your different treatment groups in a way that ensures
that the distribution of these key variables is the same across all of your treatment groups.

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Types of Experimental Design

1. Randomized Design
objects or individuals are randomly assigned (by chance) to an
experimental group. Using randomization is the most reliable
method of creating homogeneous treatment groups, without
involving any potential biases or judgments.

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Types of Experimental Design

2. Quasi Experimental Design

method that seeks to evaluate the causal relationships betwee

n variables, but without the full control over the independent
variable(s) that is available in a true experimental design
.

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Types of Experimental Design
3. Pre-experimental Design
are the simplest form of research design.
They are called such because they often happen before a true exp
eriment is conducted
.
In a pre-experiment, either a single group or multiple groups are
observed subsequent to some agent or treatment presumed to cau
se change
.

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