GEOMETRIC

DESIGN OF
HIGHWAY
Desain geometris jalan raya
 OUR TEAM
INTAN
PRADITYA
22100015

ARIEN APRILIO
22100059
 OUR TEAM
YOVI
HERMANTO
22100009
 CONTENTS
TABLE OF
01
introduction
perkenalan

02
Highway Design Control
Kontrol desain jalan raya

03
Cross-section elements
Elemen penampang

04
Right-of-Way (ROW)
Hak Jalan (ROW)

05
Site Destance
Jarak Situs
 Geometric Design of

Highways
Geometric Design of
Highways
A geometric design is defined as the design of visible components of a highway. The
basic features of a highway are the carriageway itself, expressed in terms of the
number of lanes used, the central reservation or median strip and the
shoulders , horizontal and vertical alignments, intersections and the length of
acceleration and deceleration lanes and so on. In addition, radii of curves of an
intersection are governed by the minimum radius of design vehicle being using the
highway.

Desain geometris didefinisikan sebagai desain komponen jalan raya yang terlihat. Fitur dasar jalan
raya adalah jalur lalu lintas itu sendiri, dinyatakan dalam jumlah jalur yang digunakan, reservasi
pusat atau jalur median dan bahu jalan, alinyemen horizontal dan vertikal, persimpangan dan
panjang jalur percepatan dan perlambatan dan sebagainya. Selain itu, jari-jari belokan suatu
persimpangan diatur oleh radius minimum kendaraan rencana yang menggunakan jalan raya..
Highway Design
Control
Geometric design of highway is the
determination of layout and
features visible on highway. The
emphasis is more on satisfying the
need of the driver as well as to
ensure the safety of the vehicle, the
comfort while driving and
efficiency. Other related factors are
also considered based on the
project.
Desain geometris jalan raya adalah
penentuan tata letak dan fitur yang
terlihat di jalan raya. Penekanannya
lebih pada pemenuhan kebutuhan
pengemudi serta untuk memastikan
keamanan kendaraan, kenyamanan
berkendara dan efisiensi. Faktor terkait
lainnya juga dipertimbangkan
berdasarkan proyek.
 Design speed
Traffic volume and traffic type It is defined as the highest continuous
Highway classification speed at which individual vehicle can

DISCUSSED
WHAT WE
The traffic volume is selected as the
design hourly volume,which is travel with safety on the highway when
Grouping streets and highways into weather conductions are conductive
systems or classes
determined from the various traffic
data collected
INDUSTRIAL
(Ini didefinisikan sebagai kecepatan kontinu
(Mengelompokkan jalan dan jalan raya ke BUILDINGS
(Volume lalu lintas dipilih sebagai volume tertinggi di mana kendaraan individu dapat
per jam desain, yang ditentukan dari melakukan perjalanan dengan aman di jalan
dalam sistem atau kelas)
berbagai data lalu lintas yang Jupiter is raya
a gasketika
giant konduksi
and the biggest planet in
cuaca konduktif)
dikumpulkan) our Solar System. It’s the fourth-brightest
object in the sky
Ceoss-section of highway
Cross-section elements of a roadway
include principal elements such as travel
lanes, shoulders, and medians and
marginal elements
(Elemen penampang jalan raya meliputi
elemen utama seperti jalur perjalanan, bahu
jalan, dan median dan elemen marginal)

Design vehicle
 Topography and
The diminutions, weight of the axle
environmental and operating characteristics of a
For highway design, topography is vehicle
generally classified into three groups: influences the design aspects such as
- Level terrain ( dataran datar) width of the pavement, radii of the
- Rolling terrain ( medan bergulir ) curve,
- Mountainous (hilly) terrain ( medan clearance, parking The vehicle type
pegunungan) selected
 Cross-section
elements
the principal elements of a highway
cross section consist of the travel
lanes, shoulders, and medians

(elemen utama dari penampang jalan raya

terdiri dari jalur perjalanan, bahu, dan
median)
—Width of travel lanes

Width of a traffic lane (one lane width) depends on

the width of the vehicle and the clearance. In general,
travel lane widths usually vary from 2.75m to 3.75m.

(Lebar jalur lalu lintas (lebar satu jalur) tergantung pada

lebar kendaraan dan jarak bebas. Secara umum, lebar
jalur perjalanan biasanya berbeda-beda 2,75m hingga
3,75m.)
Shoulders

The shoulder of a pavement cross section is always

contiguous with the travelled lane to provide an area
along the highway for vehicles to stop when necessary

(Bahu penampang trotoar selalu bersebelahan

dengan jalur yang dilalui untuk menyediakan area di
sepanjang jalan raya untuk kendaraan berhenti bila
diperlukan)
 Medians
A median is the section of a divided highway that
separates the lanes in opposing directions. The width
of a median is the distance between the edges of the
inside lanes, including the median shoulders .

(Median adalah bagian dari jalan raya terbagi yang

memisahkan jalur-jalur di dalamnya berlawanan arah.
Lebar median adalah jarak antara tepi jalur dalam,
termasuk bahu median.)
Right -of -Way
(ROW)

Right -of -Way (ROW) or land width is the width of land acquired for the road,
along its alignment. It should be adequate to accommodate all the crosssectional
elements of the highway and may reasonably provide for future development

(Right-of-Way (ROW) atau lebar tanah adalah luas tanah yang dibebaskan
untuk jalan, sepanjang alinyemennya. Ini harus memadai untuk
menampung semua elemen penampang jalan raya dan dapat
menyediakan untuk pembangunan di masa depan)

0
 SITE
DISTANCE
In highway alignment design, the sight distance is a fundamental consideration that
should be provided throughout the alignment. The safe and efficient operation of
vehicles on the road depends very much on the visibility of the road ahead of the
driver.
(Dalam desain alinyemen jalan raya, jarak pandang merupakan pertimbangan mendasar
yang harus disediakan sepanjang alinyemen. Pengoperasian kendaraan yang aman dan
efisien di jalan raya sangat bergantung pada visibilitas jalan di depan pengemudi.)
 depends on:
sight distance
The computation of
Reaction time of Speed of the Efficiency of
the driver vehicle brakes
Reaction time of a Higher the speed, the sight distance required will
driver is the time taken more time will be be more when the efficiency of
from the instant the required to stop the brakes are less. Also for safe
object is visible to the vehicle. geometric design, we assume
driver to the instant that the vehicles have only 50%
when the brakes are brake efficiency.
applied
 depends on:
sight distance
The computation of
Frictional resistance
between the tyre and the
road
No separate provision for brake efficiency
is provided while computing the sight
distance. This is taken into account along
with the factor of longitudinal friction. It is
has generally specified the value of
longitudinal friction in between 0.35 to 0.4.

Gradient of the road

Gradient of the road also affects the sight
distance. While climbing up a gradient, the
vehicle can stop immediately; therefore, sight
distance required is less.
On the other hand, on descending a gradient,
gravity also comes into action and more time
will be required to stop the vehicle therefore,
 QUESTIONS :
1. in general, the text above discusses about?

2. What is the purpose of learning road geometry design?

3. What is meant by traffic volume?

4. What do you mean by rolling field?

5. What is the meaning of the area of land cleared for roads?

6. Why can you assume that a vehicle only has 50% brake efficiency?
 ANSWERS :
1. Road geometric design focuses on physical aspects that can affect road
performance and safety

2. The basic goal in geometric design is to optimize efficiency and safety while
minimizing costs and environmental damage.

3. the number of vehicles that pass a certain point or line. Vehicles are distinguished
by several types, for example: heavy vehicles, light vehicles, motorcycles, and non-
motorized vehicles.

4. this type has natural slopes that often rise above and fall
below the highway grade with occasional steep slopes that restrict the normal
vertical and horizontal alignments.

5. the area around the road that belongs to the government or the local authority
responsible for managing the road.

6. If the brake efficiency is 100%, the vehicle will stop at the moment the brakes are
applied. However, practically, it is not possible to achieve 100% brake efficiency.
Therefore, the sight distance required will be more when the efficiency of brakes are
less. Also for safe geometric design, we assume that the vehicles have only 50%
brake efficiency.
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Highway Jalan raya

Elevation Elevasi

Excavation Penggalian

Pavement Perkerasan

Asphalt Aspal

Concrete Beton

Gravel Kerikil

Drainage Drainase

Component Komponen

Cement Semen

Sidewalk Trotoar

aggregate agregat
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Draft Rancangan

Reference Acuan

Bend Tikungan

junction Persimpangan

Element Elemen

Component Komponen

Intersection Persimpangan

Road markings Marka jalan

Zebra cross Zebra cross

Lane Lajur

Toll road Jalan tol

Flyover Jembatan layang

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Roadside Bahu jalan

Roadblock Pembatas jalan

Analysis Analisis

Design Desain

Measurement Pengukuran

Infrastucture Infrastuktur

Construction Konstruksi

Geotechnical Geoteknik

Materials Material
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