Diversity and

Spatial
Differentiation
 is the result of the combined
action of natural and social
Spatial processes that produced a
Differentiation fragmented, irregular, complex,
and unstable, although
articulated, earth's surface. The
earth's surface can thus be
seen as a kaleidoscope, open to
different interpretations.
 - is the difference in
backgrounds and cultures
Diversity between people. It is what
makes each of us unique.
- there are many ways in which
we can be diverse—by race,
ethnicity, religion, age, gender,
sexuality, socioeconomic
status, and more
Diversity + Spatial INTERCULTU
Differentiation =
INTERCULTURAL
RAL

Platform to connect cities and leaders

globally into a community where
initiatives and practice from one city
are analyses and shared to inspire the
others
MOVEMENT AND SETTLEMENT
SETTLEMENT
is a place that contains buildings in which people live, this may contain many or
few houses, it may cover many square kilometres, and contains not only houses
but also shops, schools, offices, industries, factories, government buildings and
many other buildings.
EARLY OR HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Human settlement begins with a village through
sedentary agriculture. Growth is evolutionary
(gradual), it starts from nomadism to sedentary
agriculture then the need for settlement became
obvious with improvement in agriculture.
 VILLAGE - a small settlement usually found in a rural
setting. It is generally larger than a "hamlet" but smaller
than a "town".
Settlements usually have one of these three basic
TYPE OF shapes which are:
SETTLEMENT Compact shape- the shape may be round or square,
but in all cases, the buildings are close to each other
and are connected by roads, footpaths or both, which
links all building together.
Linear shape– some building may form a line, may be
straight or curved which may follow a line of movement.
For instance, a road, river, or railway, relief feature
Cross shape– this occurs where two lines of
movement cross for example the crossing of two roads.
 Isolated Dwellings– Isolated dwellings would
only have 1 or 2 buildings or families in them.
They may have negligible services.
TYPE OF Hamlets– these types of settlements may be
SETTLEMENT nucleated with few houses usually less than a
hundred with many people.
Homestead- these are one family residence,
they have dispersed settlement, they contain
very few numbers of people with little
opportunity for social gathering. Moreover, they
are separated from one another by bushes or
by geographical barriers.
 ECONOMIC MIGRATION - moving to
find work or follow a particular career
path
WHY DO SOCIAL MIGRATION - moving
INDIVIDUAL somewhere for a better quality of life or to
MOVED OR be closer to family or friends
MIGRATE? POLITICAL MIGRATION - moving to
escape political persecution or war
ENVIRONMENTAL causes of migration
include natural disasters such as flooding