Contents

Contents
1. 4. Limitation of Hearing
Introduction
2. Limitation of Sight 5. Devices to Overcome
Limitation of Hearing
3. Devices to Overcome
Limitation of Sight
Introduction
 Introduction
Sight limitation
-Sight limitation is where our naked eyes failed to see beyond their limit. For
example small creatures/thing or something far away from us.

-Limitations of sight devices is to overcome limitation of sight is whereby a

person is able to see an object/color/shape until a certain extend.

-Limitations of sight can be overcome by using appropriate optical devices

such as Microscope, telescope and others.
 Introduction
Hearing Limitation
-Hearing limitation occurred when the sound waves failed to reach our ear.

-The range of frequency of hearing in human from 20Hz to 20000Hz.It is

different according to the age of person.

-Limitation of hearing can be overcome by using appropriate hearing aids

such as microphone, stethoscope and others.
Limitation
of Sight
 Limitation of Sight
Optical illusion
-Sometimes what we see may not appear to be the real
thing this is because the brain cannot interpret
accurately what is actually seen by eyes.
Picture of Optical Illusions
 Limitation of Sight
Blind Spot
-The blind spot is a point of the retina of the eye
that cannot detect any image.
Picture of Blind Spot
 Devices to
Overcome
Limitation of
Sight
 Devices to Overcome
Limitation of Sight
-Most of the limitation of sight can be overcome with
the help of certain optical instruments such
as magnifying glass, microscope, binoculars and
 Microscope
-To see objects that are too small for
naked eyes.

-The first microscope was invented by

Zacharias Jansson in 1611.
 Telescope
-Viewing very far object-star and moon

-The first known practical telescopes were

invented in Netherlands.

-An instrument that aids in observation of

remote objects by collecting electromagnetic
 Periscope
-To view beyond and obstructing object.

-An instrument for observation from a

concealed position.

-Consist of an outer case with mirrors at each

end set parallel to each other at 45 degree
 Binoculars
-To see tiny distant objects such as birds in the sky.

-A pair of identical or mirror.

-Symmetrical telescopes mounted side by side an

aligned to point accurately in the same direction
allowing the viewer to use both eyes when viewing
 Magnifying Glass
-To make tiny objects appear larger than the
original.

-Convex lens that is used to produce a

magnified image of an object.

-Also called a hand lens in laboratory

 Ultrasound Machine
-To scan and see the foetus in a pregnant
mother.

-A cyclic sound pressure wave with

frequency greater than upper limit of the
human hearing range.
 X-Ray Machine
-To see the internal organs.

-To inspect baggage at the airports.

-Invented by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen a

German physicist on 8 November 1895.
Limitation
of Hearing
 Limitation of Hearing
-Children have eardrum that are more elastic.

-As people age, their hearing deteriorates. Their eardrums become less
elastic.

-Person exposed to constant loud noise experiences a loss of hearing-

range of hearing is smaller than normal people.
 Causes of Hearing
Problems
-Hearing loss is a common problem caused by loud
noise, aging, disease, and genetic variations. About
one-third of older adults have hearing loss, and the
chance of developing hearing loss increases with age.
 Four types of Hearing
Loss
-There are four types of hearing loss which
is sensorineural, conductive, mixed (sensorineural and
conductive) and auditory neuropathy spectrum
disorder (ANSD).
 Four types of Hearing
Loss
-There are four types of hearing loss which
is sensorineural, conductive, mixed (sensorineural and
conductive) and auditory neuropathy spectrum
disorder (ANSD).
 Devices to
Overcome
Limitation of
Hearing
 Devices to Overcome
Limitation of Hearing
-Most of the limitation of hearing can be overcome
with the help of certain hearing devices such as
microphone, stethoscope, earphone and others.
 Microphone
-Microphone is an acoustic-to-electric
transducer that converts sound waves into an
electrical signal.

-Microphone are used in many applications such

as telephones, tape recorder, karaoke systems,
 Stethoscope
-Allows medical professionals to listen sounds produced by the
lungs, heart, and intestines. Any abnormal function within these
systems in the body can be immediately spotted with proper use of
stethoscope.

-Invented in French by Rene Laennec.

 Megaphone
-Boost weak sound (the function of Megaphone as same as
Microphone.)

-Invented by Samuel Morland and Athanasius Kircher in

1655.

-The term ‘megaphone’ was first associated with Thomas

 Earphone
-Collects and amplifies sounds before sending then to the middle ear.

-Invented by Nathaniel Bladwin in 1937.

-They are sometimes known as ear speaker.

-The in-ear versions are also known as earphones or earbuds.

 Public Address System
-Amplifies electrical signal coming from the
microphone so that they can be heard from
far away.

-Invented by Edwin Jensen and Peter

Pridham.
 Hearing Aids
-There are many types of hearing aids, such
as behind-the-ear (BTE), in-the-ear (ITE) and
in-the-canal (ITC).
Selecting a type that's right for you depends on a
number of factors, including the severity of
hearing loss, size and shape of your ear, personal
preferences, ease of handling and new hearing aid
THE END
Thank You