Republic of the Philippines

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

Fatima, General Santos City
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

EDUC 203:
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

“PRE-SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT ERA”
JANNAH N. AGURING
Discussant DR. CORNELIO ROLLO
Professor
Terminal Objective:
At the end of the session, the participants will be able to
understand the Pre-scientific Management Era and its concepts.
Enabling Objectives:
1. Define and discuss Pre-Scientific Management Era

2. Discuss the pioneers who made significant contributions

during the Pre-Scientific Management Era.
Situation A
Cindy and Ana were both assigned in the same public school. They
were given the same teaching loads and additional tasks.
Cindy, an efficient teacher, manage to discipline and teach her class
accordingly while tending to the other task assigned to her. On the other
hand, Ana, who tried to works hard, let her class secretary write on the board
for the class to copy all throughout the session while also working on her
additional task. Both were commendable when it comes to their job.
As the School Head passed by she assessed both classes respectively.
QUESTIONS

1. If you were the School Head, what do you

think are your observations?

2. Which class needs recalibration

when it comes to management?
UNLOCKING OF
WORDS:
• Management – the process of dealing with or
controlling things or people.

• Pre-scientific - relating to the time before the

development of modern science or the
application of scientific method.
MANAGEMENT
Management is the coordination and
administration of tasks to achieve a goal. Such
administration activities include setting the
organization’s strategy and coordinating the
efforts of staff to accomplish these objectives
through the application of available resources.
 PRE-SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT PERIOD

Contributions made by

▪ Roman Catholic Church

▪ Military Organizations
▪ Writers like Charles Babbage, James Watt, etc.
PRE-SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ERA
▪ Before 1880

▪ “Autocratic”

▪ To become a manager throughout this period, one only needed authority.

▪ Greatly reliance on authority is seen on this period.

▪ Less cooperation between the manager and the workers.

▪ Slavery is evident in all early existence.

PRE-SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ERA
▪Management – as old as human society.
▪ In ancient Egypt the rise of the state and its bureaucracy to
create pyramids and canals rested on a state monopoly of
wealth and power.
▪ Examples of modern management techniques being
conducted in history were state planning that include
predictions in the rise of the Nile waters, forecasts of crops,
and forecasts of state income tax revenues.
PRE-SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ERA
▪The later rise of the Roman Empire and the rule of Roman
order and law backed by a state hierarchy established
principles for the management of modern constitutional
governments.

▪The early Greeks disdained trade and commerce. This

attitude towards commerce was adopted by the Romans who
developed small factories to produce armaments and pottery.
PRE-SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ERA
▪ LATER SOCIETIES
* Modified the Approach which resulted to the increase of willingness
to cooperate.
* Continued reliance upon power and authority
* Organizations operated completely on the basis of authority and
power.
▪ RENAISSANCE
* Societal values changed
* Individual accomplishments were recognized and highly rewarded.
▪ INDUSTRIALISM
* First glimmer of thinking in terms of management skill.
* Certain characteristics of factory system led inevitably to the
development of some managerial concepts.
THE EARLY MANAGEMENT THINKERS
1. ROBERT OWEN (1771-1858)
He believed workers performance was influenced by the total
environment in which they worked. Owen is known as the father of personal
management. His ideas and philosophy may be considered as a prelude to the
development of behavior approach to management.
2. CHARLES BABBAGE (1792-1891)
Babbage was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University from
1828 to 1839. Babbage perceived that the methods of science and mathematics
could be applied to operations of factories. His emphasis on the application of
science and mathematics laid the foundation for the formulation of a science of
management.
THE EARLY MANAGEMENT THINKERS
3. HENRY VAMUN POOR
Poor advocated a "managerial system" with a clear organization
structure in which people could be held completely accountable and the
need for a set of operating reports summarizing costs, revenues and rates.
4. HENRY ROBINSON TOWNE (1844-1924)
H. R. Towne was president of the famous 'Yale and Towne', a lock
manufacturing company. He suggested organized exchange of experience
among managers and an organized effort to pool accumulated knowledge
in the art of workshop management.
THE EARLY MANAGEMENT THINKERS
5. JAMES WATT (1796-1848) AND MATHEW ROBINSON BOULTON
(1770-1842)
They were the sons of the distinguished inventor of the steam engine. They applied a number of
management techniques in their Engineering Factory at Soho (Birmingham, UK). These techniques were:
I. Market research & forecasting
II. Standardization of components and parts,
III. Production planning
IV. Planned machine for better workflow,
V. Elaborate statistical records
VI. Maintenance of advance control reports and cost accounting procedures
VII. Provision of employee welfare with sickness benefit scheme administered by an
elected committee of employees, and
VIII. Scheme for developing executives
THE EARLY MANAGEMENT THINKERS
6. CAPTAIN HENRY METCALFE (1847-1917)
Metcalfe published a famous book "The Cost of Manufacture and
Administration of Workshop: Public and Private" in 1882. Metcalfe suggested "new
systems control" covering the following
1. The science of management is based on principles that are evolved by recording
observations and experiences.
2. The art of management should be based on several recorded and accumulated
observations, which are presented systematically.
3. The management should make certain cost estimates on the basis of these
observations.
4. However management should maintain only relevant and crucial information. A
manager should prepare the details of work which will then be communicated to
foreman and workers.
APPLICATION:

HOW DOES THE PRE-SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT HELP FORM

OUR MODERN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?