Measurement

Physical quantities

BASE DERIVED

• Length (m) • Area (m2)

• Mass (kg) • Volume (m3)

• Time (s) • Speed (m/s)

• Temperature (K) • Density (kg/m3)

• Electric current (A) • Force (N)

• Luminous intensity (cd) • Pressure (Pa)

• Amount of substance (mol) • Energy (J)

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 Units

Factor Prefix Symbol

109 giga- G
106 mega- M
103 kilo- k
10-1 deci- d
10-2 centi- c
10-3 milli- m
10-6 micro- µ

10-9 nano- n

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Length

• Ruler

• Measuring tape

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 Calipers

•External Calipers

•Internal Calipers

•Vernier Calipers

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 Vernier Calipers

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 Micrometer Screw gauge

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Errors

• Human error
• Parallax error
• Instrument error
• Zero errors

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 Parallax error

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 Zero errors

• Negative zero error

• Positive zero error

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 Instruments
INSTRUMENT RANGE PRECISION USAGE EXAMPLE ERROR

Tape measure Up to several 1 mm A person's waist Parallax error

meters

Meter stick One meter 1 mm Length of a table Parallax error

Vernier Calipers 15 cm 0.1 mm Diameter of a pipe Zero and parallax

errors

Micrometer screw 2.5 cm 0.01 mm Diameter of a wire Zero and parallax

gauge errors

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