Wood Construction

CTC-375
 Wood
• Lumber
– Any wood cut into a size and shape used as a
building material
– Timber – lumber with smallest dimension >5”
– Board - <2” thick, at least 2” wide
– Dimension - >2” thick, <5” thick, 2+” wide
– Beam & stringer - >5” thick, 8”+ wide
– Post & Beam – lumber approximately square
• 5+” thick and wide
• Rough sawn lumber
– Sawn on all four sides to a nominal thickness and
width
• Dressed lumber
– Sanded on 1 -4 sides
– Called by nominal size
– Sanding takes ¼” off per side
• Available in sizes from 8 – 16 feet
– Studs also available at 92” – gives 8’ ceiling height
• Types of wood construction
– Post & Beam
• Wooden frame provides structural support
• No interior bearing walls
• Posts must be attached to foundation
– Balloon Framing F 13-4
• Exterior walls are continuous from foundation to roof
• Floors are attached to the walls
• Revived in 1980’s as solar power gained popularity
• Need to place fire breaks in the walls
– Platform Framing F 13-3
• Walls rest on floors
• Floor is built to edge of foundation then sheathed
• Wall is built on top of floor
• Walls have single bottom plate and double top
plate for strength
• Fire blocks at every floor
• Panels or module construction
– Structural Insulated Panels (SIP)
• Can be walls or roof systems
– Conventional floor system but walls are
constructed off site in 4x8 panels and hauled
to site
– Allows for windows, doors to be installed at
same time as walls
– Must have a flat surface
 Construction
• Hurricane clips for roof
• Anchor bolts and tie downs for foundation-
frame connections
• Blocking
– Where do you place blocking?
• Joist Bridging
– Makes floor into a system
 Floor Systems
– Conventional 2x construction
• Box beam surrounds joists
• Girders are built up from 2x stock
• Joists are 2x stock 16” o.c.
• ¾” sheathing is glued and screwed onto joists
– Can use 5/8” sheathing but total floor must = 1.25”
– Engineered Lumber
• I-joists – 2x3 top & bottoms with OSB web
– Long and strong
– Can span 40 – 60 feet – eliminates interior bearing walls
• Floor Trusses
– Usually used in commercial buildings
• Provide long spans
• Holes in Joists
– Holes only in center of joist (neutral axis) and
only within 1/3 of span of end
– Diameter not more than 1/3 of height or be
closer than 2” from an edge
 Roof Trusses
• Components
– F 13-12
– Truss types F 13-13
– Erection F 13-14
– Bracing F 13-15
 Timber Construction
• F 13-24
– Post and beam on a larger scale
– Connections F 13-25