REPORT ON

CHILD
FRIENDLY
RESIDENTI
AL SPACE

SUBMITTED BY COURSE TEACHER

SURAIYA AR. MAHBUBA AFROZ JINIA
ID- 213021015 LECTURER
BATCH- 43RD DEPT. OF INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE
Abstract: This report delves into the critical aspects of children's ergonomics in
residential spaces, focusing on the significance of well-thought-out dimensions and an
understanding of child psychology. It offers insights into key considerations,
recommendations, and the interplay between physical design and psychological well-
being.

Introduction: Creating ergonomic residential spaces for children involves optimizing

dimensions and considering psychological aspects to promote their physical and
emotional development.

Children's furniture is all furniture –fixed

or mobile– that is designed according to
the ergonomic guidelines and anatomical
dimensions of children specifically.
Following this definition, we can identify
two types of furniture: (1) those that
facilitate a relationship between the
caregiver and the child, and (2) those that
allow the child to use them independently.
The big difference between these two types is that the first has dimensions that mainly
adapt to the ergonomics of the adult, while the second is designed to meet the ergonomic
needs of the child at each stage of their development. Since the growth of children occurs
relatively quickly, it is common for the furniture of this second group to be
multifunctional or even extendable.
Where did furniture exclusively for children first appear? Records from Ancient Egypt
suggest that the bed was the first piece of furniture designed with dimensions suitable for
young children. It differed from the adult bed only in its size, so it was not yet a crib.
In Ancient Greece, the first recorded example of furniture intended for children was a kind
of vase placed on a high base with spaces for the child to sit and place their legs on either
side. There, the child could remain safe and clean while being supervised from a
distance. Another well-known furniture piece is from the Renaissance period, when
bourgeois families began to use children's bookshelves, mainly for the purpose of
organizing their school books.
Furniture for babies
The first regulations for baby furniture arose with the main objective of increasing its
safety, and consequently reducing the rather high mortality rates at the time. For this
reason, "bassinets" and cribs were built. The fact that newborns slept apart from their
parents reduced the risk of suffocation, and the crib rails decreased the risk of falls. In
addition, more comfortable furniture began to appear for the caregiver to clean and move,
and high feeding chairs that allowed the child to eat at the table or separately from it.

Furniture for children

A prepared environment–accessible and safe–where the child can move freely.
With recent discoveries on children's growth, mainly from the field of neuroscience, there
is more and more talk about the concept of autonomy for children. With this, the market
for this type of product has grown: study tables, chairs (from the simplest designs to
replicas of great designers), low beds, shelves, and many others. In addition to these,
stairs and learning towers allow the child to reach higher items, such as the bathroom
counter, for example.
Ideally, the environment should always be dimensioned so that the child can carry out
activities on their own and safely, including stable (or fixed) furniture made of non-toxic
raw materials. Also, it is important to pay attention to the corners of this furniture,
avoiding sharp right angles. Of course, cleaning and easy maintenance are elements that
complement these essential characteristics of children's and baby furniture, and will help
parents too.
1. Furniture and Functionality:
Furniture for children aged 2 to 3 years should be appropriately sized, safe, and designed
to meet their developmental needs. Here are various types of furniture commonly used in
a child's residential space, along with recommended dimensions where applicable:
Crib:
Dimensions: Standard cribs are typically about 28 inches (71 cm) wide and 52 inches (132
cm) long, with a mattress size of 27.25 x 51.625 inches (69.2 x 131.1 cm).
Toddler Bed:
Dimensions: Toddler beds are often around 28 inches (71 cm) wide and 52 inches (132
cm) long, using the same mattress size as a crib.
Children's Bed (Twin Size):
Dimensions: Twin beds typically measure about 38 inches (97 cm) wide and 75 inches
(190 cm) long.
Dresser:
Dimensions: A standard dresser for children may
measure around 30 to 36 inches (76 to 91 cm) in width,
16 to 20 inches (41 to 51 cm) in depth, and 30 to 36
inches (76 to 91 cm) in height.
Changing Table:
Dimensions: Changing tables can vary, but a common size
is approximately 36 inches (91 cm) in width, 18 inches
(46 cm) in depth, and 36 inches (91 cm) in height.
Bookshelf:
Dimensions: Child-sized bookshelves typically range from
24 to 36 inches (61 to 91 cm) in width and 30 to 48 inches
(76 to 122 cm) in height.
Table and Chairs Set:
Table Dimensions: Child-sized tables can be about 24 to 30 inches (61 to 76 cm) in width
and 18 to 22 inches (46 to 56 cm) in height. Chair Dimensions: Chairs for children this
age are often around 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) in seat height.
Toy Storage Units:
Dimensions: Storage units can vary, but common sizes are around 30 to 36 inches (76 to
91 cm) in width, 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm) in depth, and 30 to 36 inches (76 to 91 cm)
in height.
Play Kitchen:
Dimensions: Play kitchens for toddlers can measure approximately 30 to 36 inches (76 to
91 cm) in width, 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm) in depth, and 36 to 42 inches (91 to 107
cm) in height.
Art Table or Easel:
Dimensions: Art tables or easels may vary, but a common size is around 24 to 30 inches
(61 to 76 cm) in width and 18 to 22 inches (46 to 56 cm) in height.
Low Storage Bins:
Dimensions: Low storage bins or shelves for children's toys often measure around 30 to
36 inches (76 to 91 cm) in width, 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm) in depth, and 24 to 30
inches (61 to 76 cm) in height.
Children's Wardrobe or Closet Organizer:
Dimensions: Wardrobes and closet organizers can vary widely, so measurements should
align with the available space and storage needs.
When selecting furniture for children aged 2 to 3 years, prioritize safety by choosing
items with rounded edges and secure, stable construction. Additionally, consider the
child's comfort and the functionality of the furniture to create a safe and enjoyable
residential space for them.
Seating
Child-sized chairs and tables should have dimensions suitable for children aged 2 to 3.
Chair seat heights ranging from 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) and table heights around 20
inches (50 cm) are generally appropriate. Ensure furniture is proportionate to the child's
size, with seat depths of 8 to 10 inches (20 to 25 cm) and backrest heights below shoulder
level. Provide ergonomic support with rounded edges and corners to prevent injuries.

The ideal positions for kids table and seat as your children grow for comparison:

Dimensions in time saver standards

2. Child Psychology:
Comfort and Familiarity: Soft textures, cozy bedding, and comfortable seating
contribute to a child's sense of comfort and security. Personalization through choice of
colours or decor elements can foster a sense of ownership.

2. Imagination and Play Spaces:

Creating a safe and engaging play area for children aged 2 to 3 years is essential for their
physical and cognitive development. Here are some ideas for setting up a play area, along
with recommended dimensions for common play items:
Use a Defined Space: Designate a specific area in the child's room or a separate
playroom for playtime. Ensure the play area is free from hazards and easily supervised.
Soft Flooring: Cover the play area with a soft, padded flooring material like foam mats or
a large area rug. Dimensions can vary based on the available space, but a 6x6 feet
(183x183 cm) area or larger is suitable for many playrooms.
Low Table and Chairs: Include a child-sized table and chairs for drawing, coloring, and
other activities. A typical child's table is about 20 to 24 inches (51 to 61 cm) in height,
with chairs having a seat height of around 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm).
Toy Storage: Use low, accessible storage solutions like shelves, bins, or cubbies to
organize and store toys. Common shelf dimensions are around 30 to 36 inches (76 to 91
cm) in width and 30 to 36 inches (76 to 91 cm) in height.
Play Kitchen or Workbench:
If space allows, consider a play kitchen or
Workbench with accessories. Play kitchens
typically measure around 30 to 36 inches
(76 to 91 cm) in width, 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm) in depth, and 36 to 42 inches (91 to
107 cm) in height.
Reading Nook: Create a cozy reading nook with a small bookshelf, soft seating like bean
bags, and a selection of age-appropriate books. A small bookshelf is often around 24
inches (61 cm) in width and 30 inches (76 cm) in height.
Art Station: Set up an art station with washable crayons, markers, paper, and craft
supplies. Ensure there's a sturdy table or easel for creative activities.
Play Tents and Tunnels: Provide play tents or tunnels to encourage imaginative play.
These items come in various sizes but typically occupy a space of 4x4 feet (122x122 cm)
or more.
When setting up a play area for children aged 2 to 3 years, prioritize safety by ensuring
that furniture and play equipment are securely anchored, corners are rounded, and small
objects or choking hazards are out of reach. Regularly inspect the play area to maintain a
safe and inviting environment for your child's play and exploration.
Growth and Development: Provide age-appropriate toys and activities that
stimulate cognitive and physical development. Ensure dimensions allow for activities like
building with blocks or drawing on easels.

Routine and Consistency: Consistent routines in dimensions and layouts can create
a sense of predictability and security for children.
4. Colour and Visual Stimulation
Bright and vibrant colours, such as primary colours, can stimulate a child's imagination
and creativity. Consider wall art and decorations featuring age-appropriate themes to
engage children's interests. Choosing colours for residential spaces for children around 3
years old requires thoughtful consideration of their developmental stage, preferences, and
the desired atmosphere. Here are some tips for selecting colours for such spaces:
Soft and Soothing Colours: Consider using soft and calming colours like pastel
blues, greens, or muted pinks. These colours can create a tranquil environment, especially
in bedrooms, and support restful sleep.
Neutral Backdrop: Neutral tones like beige, Gray, or light taupe work well as a
backdrop. They provide a versatile canvas for adding colourful accents and allow you to
change decor as the child's interests evolve.
Accent Colours: Introduce pops of colour through bedding, curtains, wall art, and
decor items. Bright and playful accent colours can stimulate creativity and provide visual
interest.
Primary Colours: Primary colours like red, blue, and yellow are excellent choices for
playrooms and educational spaces. They are vibrant and engaging, encouraging learning
and play.
Nature-Inspired Colours: Greens, browns, and soft blues can create a calming and
nature-inspired atmosphere. These colours are suitable for bedrooms or areas where a
sense of tranquillity is desired.
Personal Preferences: Involve the child in the colour selection process. Ask them
about their favourite colours or themes related to their interests, and incorporate these into
the decor. This helps them feel a sense of ownership over their space.
Age-Appropriate Themes: Consider themes that align with the child's age and
interests. For example, if they love animals, you could incorporate animal-themed decor
and colours into their bedroom or play area.
Gender-Neutral Options: Avoid rigid gender stereotypes in colour choices. Use a
variety of colours and themes that cater to the child's individual preferences rather than
conforming to traditional gender norms.
Balanced Colour Palette: Strive for a balanced colour palette that is visually
appealing and not overwhelming. Too many bright and contrasting colours can be
overstimulating.
Lighting: Consider the impact of natural and artificial lighting on the chosen colours.
Adequate lighting can enhance the appearance of colours and create a welcoming
atmosphere.
Safety: Ensure that any paint or materials used in the child's room are non-toxic and safe
for children. Avoid lead-based paints and other harmful chemicals.
Longevity: Choose colours and themes that can grow with the child. While a toddler
may love a specific character or theme, consider whether it will still be appealing as the
child gets older.
5. Lightings
When designing lighting for children's spaces, including those for 3-year-olds, it's important to
consider both functionality and safety. Here are some lighting recommendations with
dimensions for a child's residential space:
Ceiling Lighting:
• Fixture Type: Consider a ceiling fixture with a frosted or opaque shade to create
even, diffuse lighting.
• Height: Hang the fixture at a safe height, typically around 7 feet (approximately 213
cm) from the floor to ensure it's out of the child's reach.
Dimmer Switch:
• Placement: Install a dimmer switch for overhead lighting, allowing you to adjust
the brightness.
• Dimensions: Standard dimmer switches are typically around 4.5 inches (11.4 cm) in
height and 2.75 inches (7 cm) in width.
Nightlights:
• Type: Choose soft, plug-in nightlights with automatic sensors or timers.
• Placement: Install nightlights in bedrooms, hallways, and bathrooms.
• Dimensions: Nightlights are usually compact, measuring around 3 to 4 inches (7.6
to 10 cm) in height and 2 inches (5 cm) in width.
Task Lighting:
• Fixture Type: Provide a desk lamp or task lighting for specific activities like
reading or drawing.
• Dimensions: Task lamps for children are typically around 14 to 16 inches (35.5 to
40.6 cm) in height.
Floor Lamps:
• Fixture Type: Floor lamps can supplement ambient lighting and create a cozy
atmosphere.
• Height: Choose floor lamps with a height of around 45 to 60 inches (114 to 152
cm), depending on the room's size and ceiling height.
Nighttime Routine Lighting:
• Lighting Routine: Use dimmable or adjustable lighting for the child's bedtime
routine.
• Dimming Range: Dim the lights gradually over a span of 15 to 30 minutes to
create a calming atmosphere.
Smart Lighting:
• Type: Consider smart lighting systems with child-friendly controls.
• Bulb Size: Smart bulbs come in standard sizes, such as A19, with dimensions of
approximately 4.3 inches (10.9 cm) in height and 2.4 inches (6 cm) in width.
Safety Lighting:
• Fixture Type: Ensure that hallways and stairs are well-lit with wall sconces or
ceiling fixtures.
• Height: Install these fixtures at a height of around 7 feet (approximately 213 cm)
to provide ample lighting coverage.
Nightstand Lamps:
• Fixture Type: Bedside lamps can add a warm and comforting glow to a child's
room.
• Height: Choose lamps with a height of 12 to 18 inches (30.5 to 45.7 cm) for
nightstands.
Child-Friendly Controls:
1. Control Type: Opt for smart lighting systems with user-friendly apps that parents
can control from smartphones or tablets.
Keep in mind that the specific dimensions of fixtures and their placement may vary depending
on the size and layout of the room. Always prioritize safety by securing cords and ensuring
that fixtures are well-installed and out of the child's reach. Additionally, consider the color
temperature of light bulbs, favoring warm or neutral tones for a cozy and calming atmosphere
in the child's residential space.

6. Decorations and Style

Decorating a residential space for a child around 3 years old can be a fun and creative
endeavor. Here are various types of decorations and decor elements, along with some
dimensions where applicable, that can be incorporated into a child's living space:
Wall Decals and Stickers: Wall decals featuring age-appropriate themes like animals, space,
or nature can add visual interest to the room. Dimensions vary widely, but they typically range
from a few inches to several feet in size, depending on the design.
Posters and Artwork: Hang colorful posters or framed artwork depicting characters, scenes,
or educational content at the child's eye level. Common poster sizes are 24 x 36 inches (61 x
91 cm) or 18 x 24 inches (46 x 61 cm).
Shelving and Wall Cubbies: Install wall shelves or cubbies at accessible heights for
displaying books, toys, and decorative items. Shelves can vary in width and depth but are often
around 24 inches (61 cm) in length.
Rugs and Play Mats: Place soft, padded rugs or play mats in play areas to provide a
comfortable and safe space for activities. Rug dimensions can vary, but common sizes are 4 x
6 feet (122 x 183 cm) or 5 x 8 feet (152 x 244 cm).
Curtains and Drapes: Choose curtains with child-friendly patterns or themes to add color and
personality to the room. Curtain lengths can vary but typically range from 63 to 84 inches (160
to 213 cm).
Bedding Sets: Bedding sets featuring characters, patterns, or themes can create a
cohesive look in the child's bedroom. Dimensions depend on the bed size, such
as crib, twin, or full.
Wall Clocks: Hang a wall clock with large, easy-to-read numbers to help the child
learn to tell time. Clock faces can range from 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm) in
diameter.
Personalized Name Signs: Customized name signs or initial decals can be placed
on bedroom walls or doors. Dimensions vary depending on the design but are
typically around 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) in height.
Bookshelves and Bookcases: Use child-sized bookshelves or bookcases to organize and
display books and other items. Common bookcase dimensions range from 24 to 36 inches (61
to 91 cm) in width and 30 to 48 inches (76 to 122 cm) in height.
Soft Throw Pillows: Decorative throw pillows featuring playful patterns or characters can be
added to seating or bedding. Pillow sizes can range from 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm) square.
Educational Posters: Hang educational posters with numbers, letters, shapes, or other
learning content to encourage early learning. Standard poster sizes are often used, such as 24 x
36 inches (61 x 91 cm).
Toy Storage Bins and Baskets: Use colorful storage bins or baskets to keep toys organized
and accessible. Dimensions vary, but common sizes range from 12 to 18 inches (30 to 46 cm)
in length and width.
Wall Hooks: Install wall hooks with playful designs for hanging clothing, bags, or
accessories. Hook sizes can vary but are typically around 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) in length.
Wall Mirrors: Child-sized wall mirrors with fun frames can add interest and functionality to
the room. Mirror sizes can vary but are often around 18 to 24 inches (46 to 61 cm) in height.
Growth Charts: Hang a growth chart on the wall to track the child's height as they grow.
Growth chart dimensions are typically around 12 x 48 inches (30 x 122 cm).
When incorporating decorations, consider the child's preferences, interests, and the overall
theme of the room. It's essential to strike a balance between aesthetics and functionality,
ensuring that the decorations contribute to the child's comfort, learning, and enjoyment of their
residential space.

What are children benefits from ergonomics ?

Most of people have not considered how our children can benefit from ergonomics. The fact is
that children can benefit even more than we do. We just need to find a way to make
ergonomics fun and exciting for them and they will do the rest!
• Supports the healthy development of child’s spine.
• Minimizes the risk of hunchback and scoliosis.
• Minimizes eye strain and reduces vision problems.
• Improves the child’s blood circulation and increase focus with both feet firmly on the floor.
• Improves good balance of muscle strength and flexibility
Lack of knowledge impact
Wrong ergonomics, design, and functionality in a residential space for 2-3-year-old
children can have a significant negative impact on their safety, comfort, and overall
development. Like, safety hazards, limited mobility and accessibility, frustration and
discomfort, lack of independence, inadequate storage, diminished comfort, inefficient
learning environment, neglected sensory stimulation, stifled creativity and imagination,
environmental stress, inefficient use of space, emotional impact. In summary, wrong
ergonomics, design, and functionality in a residential space for 2-3-year-old children can
have a detrimental impact on their safety, development, comfort, and emotional well-
being. It's essential to prioritize thoughtful and age-appropriate design to create a
nurturing and stimulating environment that supports the child's growth and well-being.

Conclusion: Enhancing children's ergonomics in residential spaces necessitates a

thoughtful balance between physical dimensions and an understanding of child
psychology. The appropriate sizing of furniture, play areas, and storage solutions is
crucial, as is the consideration of colour, comfort, and personalization to create a nurturing
and stimulating environment for children's growth and well-being. It is essential to
recognize that the dimensions and psychology of a residential space for children are
interconnected, shaping their overall experience and development.

THANK YOU