English Speakibg Subject

GENERAL ENGLISH
WECOME TO
BOSOWA UNIVERSITY
Dr. Sudirman Maca,S.S., M.Hum

Unibos 2020
October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star
SELF INTRODUCTION
 A: How do you do A: Where were you born?
 B: How do you do B: I was born in Makassar

 A: What’s your name? A: How old are you?
 B: My name is john B: I’m 20 years old
 My full name is Paul john

 A: Can you spell your name? A: Where are you from?
 B: Yes I can P-a-u-l J-o-h-n B: I’m from pare – pare

 A: Where do you come from? A: When were you born?
 B: I come from Pare – Pare B: I was born on October 2, 1983
 A: Where do you live?

 B: I live in Makassar
 On Jln. Adhiyaksa
 At Jln. Adhiyaksa no.16

Pronouns
 Subject Possessive Object Reflexive Meaning
 I my – mine me myself Saya

 You your – yours you yourself Kamu
 He his – his him himself Dia (lk)
 She her – hers her herself Dia (pr)
 They their – theirs them themselves Merka
 We our – ours us ourselves Kami
 It its itself Itu

Subject Functions
 I give a book Saya

 You cook rice Kamu
 He eats manggo Dia (lk)
 She drinks a milk Dia (pr)
 They go to market Merka
 We write a letter Kami
 It can fly things/animals

Functions of the adjective possessive
pronouns in sentences.
 I help my mother everyday.

 My sister called me just now.
 She sold their house last week.
 He did his assignments by himself
 They make their breakfast by themselves
 Etc.

Functions of the object pronouns
in sentences
 I help her everyday.

 My sister called me just now.
 She called them last week.
 He advised him to do the right thing
 They write you a letter every month
 Etc.

Function of “to be” with Subjects

Function of the Auxiliaries to be in
the Sentences

Question (Apakah…….?) Aux.

Continue…..

Simple Present
Pattern
 Subject +v1/es,s + Complement
 Subject +does/do not +v1 + Complement
 Do/Does + subject +v1 + Complement?
Examples
1. I go to the market every day.
2. She makes a cake every week.
3. They buy some books every month.
4. Does she study every night?
5. We do not (don’t) have breakfast every morning

Examples
 I teach every day.

 we have breakfast every day.
 Resky does not (doesn’t) have drink a cup of
tea every day.
 Do miss. Hastuti and miss Zulaiha cook
every day?
 Miss Sunarsi studies every day?

Third Singular – verb-s
 Take –takes
 Learn- learns
 Study –studies
 Go – goes
 Wash – washes
 Watch – watches
 Happy – happies
 Hope - hopes
Daily Activities
John does a lot of things. He goes swimming, plays

basket ball, baseball, and plays guitar etc. He has
record player in his room, he often listens to music.
He likes rock and also jazz music. John has a
transistor radio, too. Sometimes, he listens to the
radio. Also John plays guitar but he just a beginner.
John has a little sister. Her name is Judy, and she
is only six years old. She’s just starting school.

Questions...?
1. Does John play baseball?

2. Do you ever go swimming?
3. Does he ever go bike riding?
4. Do John and Rina like music?
5. What kind of music does John like?
6. Does John have a brother?
7. What does his sister like to do in the evening?
8. Do they have breakfast every morning?
Irregular verb
 Present Past Participle Meaning

 Go went gone Pergi
 Come came come Datang
 Choose chose chosen Memilih
 Cast cast cast Melempar
 Cleave clove cloven or cleft Membelah
 do did done Melakukan

Tenses
 Past tense
Pattern
 Subject + v2 + Complement
 Subject + did not + v1 + Complement
 Did + subject + v1 + Complement?
Examples
1. I went to the market yesterday.
I didn’t go to market yesterday?
2. She made a cake last week.
Did she make a cake last week?
3. They bought some books last month.
Examples
 I didn’t have breakfast this morning.

 Did darmawati have breakfast this morning.
 I studied English yesterday.
 I went to school yesterday.
 I closed the door everyday
 Did Ani have lunch at 12 o’clock yesterday.
 I didn’t come to the market last week.
 Did you go to Suppa last week.
Activities in the past
Jock was one of the Company’s most experienced drivers,
working on the Fort William-Inverness route. This morning
was fairly typical: he had eight passengers on board, and
would probably pick up one or two more on the way. They
were about twenty minutes late. Jock had stopped for a cup
of tea and a chat at Strathnahuilish Post Office, it didn’t
matter. Late was not a word of great importance in the
Scottish Highlands. Jock leaned forward a little in his seat
and smiled. It was a lovely day. The sun was shining on the
loch, and the bus was running beautifully. Jock changed gear
as they started up the long hill towards Clandonald Castle.
Tenses
 Future tense
Pattern
 Subject + will + v1+Complement
 Subject + will not +v1 + Complement
 Will + subject +v1 + Complement?
Examples
1. I will go to the market tomorrow.
2. She will not (won’t) make a cake next week.
3. They will buy some books next month.
4. will you go to Mall this afternoon?
Example
 She will eat fried chicken

 He will not (won’t) drink beer
 They will go to mallthis afternoon
 Will you go to America next month?
No,i won’t
Yes, i will

HAVING MEAL IN A RESTAURANT
John : Good evening.

Waiter : Good evening. Have you booked a table?
John : Yes. A table for two at eight o'clock.
Waiter : Your table is ready now, sir. Come this way.
Daniela : I'll have fried chicken…and then the duck
John : And I'll take the pate and then…well, I'm not sure
what to have next
Daniela : I've change my mind. I'll have that too.
Waiter : What vegetables would you like?
Daniela : I'll have salad.
John : And the selection of vegetables for me.
Waiter : And the wine, sir?
Tenses
 Present continuous
Pattern
 Subject + to be + v-ing + Complement
 Subject + to be not + v-ing + Complement
 To be+ subject + v-ing + Complement?
Examples
1. I am going to the market now.
2. She is not making a cake now
3. They are buying some books right now
4. Are you studying now?
5. What are you doing now?
Tenses
 Present perfect tense

Pattern
 Subject + have/has + v3 + Complement
 Subject + have/has not +v3 + Complement
 Have/Has + subject + v3 + Complement?
Examples
1. I have taken English course
2. She has not made cakes
3. They have bought a car
4. Have you bought a car?

Perfect with subject
Have - I, YOU, THEY, WE, SITI AND AGATA
Has – HE, SHE, IT, AGATA

Tenses
 Present perfect continuous tense

Pattern
 Subject + have/has + been + v-ing + Complement
 Subject + have/has not + been + v-ing + Complement
 Have/Has + subject + been + v-ing + Complement?
Examples
1. I have been taking English course for two years.
2. She has not been making cakes for hours.
3. They have been teaching English for ten years.

Perfect Questions
 How long have you been studying English?

 I’ve been studying English for 13 years
 I’ve been studying English since yunior high
school
 I’ve been studying English since I was 12
years old

Questions
 How long has He/she been studying English?

 He/She’s been studying English for 12 years
 He/She’s been studying English since yunior
high school
 He/She’s been studying English since I was
12 years old

Tenses
 Past continuous
Pattern
 Subject + to be + v-ing + Complement
 Subject + to be not + v-ing + Complement
 To be+ subject + v-ing + Complement?
Examples
1. I was cooking in the kitchen when she came.
2. She was not making a cake when I came.
3. They were buying some books when we met them.

Tenses
 Past perfect tense

Pattern
 Subject + had + v3 …
 Subject + had not +v3…
 Had + subject + v3…
Example
1. I had taken English course for two years.
2. She had made some cakes when I was knocking.
3. They had bought a car when we met.

Preposition
 At, On, in, above, under, behind, beside,

between, among, outside, inside, through, in
front of etc.
 Examples:
1. She is sitting in the room
2. They put the bag on the floor
3. He is standing among the people

Question Words (WH question)
 What means apa?

 Where means dimana, kemana?
 When means kapan?
 Who means siapa?
 With Whom means kepada siapa, yang
 Why means kenapa?
 Which one means yang mana
 How means bagaimana, berapa?
Yes, No: Questions
– Do
I Go
– Does
Study
– Did She Teach a
He Wash ns
?
– Have
You Watc w
– Has
h er
– Will They Buy
– Can We Sell
Walk
– May
Work
– Am, is, Are sleep
– Etc.,

WH questions
–Do
What
–Does I Go
Where Study
Why
–Did She Teach a
–Have
He Wash ns
?
When –Has
You Watc w
Who –Will h
They er
How –Can Buy
Which one –May
We Sell
It Walk
–Am, is, Are Work
With whom –Etc., sleep

Examples
 What is your name?

 Which one is better?
 Why do you love me?
 Where do you live?
 When will you go to Campus?
 What do you think?
 What kind of watch do you always wear?
 How much is the cost? How much is the price?
 What have you done?
Modal Auxiliaries
Present Past
Will means akan would
Can means dapat could
Shall means seharusnya should
Must
Have to means harus had to
May means boleh might
Ough to means harus
Note: These modal auxiliaries must be followed by verb

present and be for passive ( ter, di) or adjective
Negative
 Will not = won’t

 Shall not= shan’t
 Can not= can’t
 Must not=musn’t
 Have to = do not have to= don’t have to
 May not=
 Ough to= ough not to

Interrogative
 Do you have to....

 Ough you to......
 Selain modals diatas letakan sebelum
subject untuk membuat pertanyaan ex;
 Can you ....
 Will you...
 May I....

Politeness use
 Can, Could you ....

 Will, Would you ...
 May I ....
 Must be = pasti
 Maybe
 May be

THE DEGREE OF COMPARISON
 There are three types of comparison degree in English: The positive

degree,the comparative degree, the superlative degree
 1. Positive Degree. to indicate the same comparison:
 Subject + Verb + as + adjective + as + noun/pronoun
 Examples
1. Nurdin is as tall as Hasan
2. Semarang is as hot as Surabaya
2. Comparative Degree.
 This type is indicated the more comparison of

the other object, the form as follows:
Adj.-er
 Subject + verb + More-adj + than + noun/pronoun.
Example
1. Today is hotter than yesterday
2. Agnes is more beautiful than Fatimah

3. Superlative Degree.
 This types indicated the super comparison of the

object the form as follows:
Adj.-est
 Subject + verb + the + Most-ad +noun/pronoun
Least-adj.
 Example
1. She is the cleverest student in the class.
2. These shoes are the least expensive of all.
3. That is the most interesting piece of work

ADJECTIVE
 Good - better – best

 Bad - worse - worst
 Cle/ver - cle/verer – cle/verest
 Small - smaller - smallest
 Tall - taller - tallest
 Big - bigger - biggest
 Hot - Hotter - hottest
 Beau/ti/ful – more beautiful – most beautiful
THE ASCENT OF CITIES
Cities are growing faster than ever. The average size of the
hundred most populated cities has more than doubled in the
past 50 years in 1950, 30 percent of world population lived in
urban areas. The UN forecasts an increase to 50 percent by
2005. The ever spreading glow of city lights makes urbanization
the most dramatic of the changes in the way we live that is
observable from space. The richest countries once saw the
most rapid urban growth as millions of people left the
countryside for jobs in industry. Now developing countries,
fueled more by high birthrates than by rural flight, have taken
the lead.
Passive Voices
1. Present Tense am, is, are

2. Present Continuous Tense am, is, are + being
3. Present Perfect Tense has, have + been
4. Past Tense was, were
5. Past Perfect Tense had been
6. Past Continuous Tense was, were + being
7. Future Tense shall, will + be
8. Future Perfect Tense shall/will + have been
9. Modal modal + be
10. Modal + Perfect modal + have been

Passive Present Tense
 Example
 Aktif
- Ahmad writes a letter.
S P O
 Passive
- A letter is written by Ahmad
- (V3)
S P O
 1.

Example
 Example
 Aktif
- She helps her mother.
S P O
 Passive
- Her mother is helped by her
- (V3)

Passive Past Tense
 Example
 Aktif : Ahmad wrote a letter.
 S P O Aktif : Ahmad wrote a letter.
 Passive: A letter was written by Ahmad.

(V3)
- S P O

Example
 Example
 Aktif
- He bought a new car.
S P O
 Passive
- A new car was bought by him
- (V3)

Example
 Example
 Aktif
- They bought a new car.
S P O
 Passive
- A new car was bought by them
- (V3)

Example
 Example
 Aktif
- He bought two cars.
S P O
 Passive
- Two cars were bought by him
S (V3) O

Dialogue
 Daniela : I’ve bought a present for my grand mother

and doll in national costume for niece, and I’ll get whisky for
father and perfume for my sister at airport tomorrow. But what can I buy
for my mother.
 John : How about some perfume for her as well?
 Daniela : No. My father always buys a perfume for her.
John : Let’s go look in this store. We might see something she’d
like.
 John : What about purse? Oh, I mean handbag.
 Daniela : No! The best handbags Italian, and she can get one in
home.

 John : I know! A book! Didn’t you say she was interested in
furniture! You can her a book about English furniture.
 Daniela : Good idea! Or one on British stately homes, She’d love
that. Come on, let’s find a book shop.
 Daniela : I wonder if you could help me? I’m looking for books on
English furniture also ones about stately homes.
 Assistant : Yes. There are section of books about the British
countryside and buildings over there. You’ll find books on furniture
there too, but I’m afraid we have got many. There ‘s a many good
one on early English furniture-sixteenth and
seventeenth-century.

Passive Present Continous
 Active
- I am studying English now.
S P O Adv.
Passive
- English is being studied by me now.
S P O Adv.

Present Continous
 Active
- We are studying English now.
S P O Adv.
Passive
- English is being studied by us now.
S P O Adv.

Passive Future Tense
 Active
- She will buy some apples
S P O
Passive
- Some apples will be bought by her

Future Tense
 Active
- They will help us
S P O
Passive
- We will be helped by them
S P O

Passive Present Perfect Tense
 Active
- They have bought a new car
S P O
Passive
A new car has been bought by them
S P O

Present Perfect Tense
 Active
- My father has bought two new cars
S P O
Passive
Two new cars have been bought by my father
S P O

Passive Past Perfect Tense
 Active
- My father had bought two new cars
S P O
Passive
Two new cars had been bought by my father
S P O

Passive Future Perfect Tense
 Examples
 Active
- He will have received the letter

S P O
Passive
- The letter will have been received by him
S P O

DIRECT AND INDERECT SPEECH
The changed of the sentences from direct into indirect can be

seen as follows:
1. Present tense - Past tense
2. Present Continuous - Past Continuous
3. Present Future - Past Future
4. Present Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
5. Past tense - Past Perfect
6. Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
7. Past Future - Past Future Perfect
8. Future Continuous - Conditional Continuo

The changed of the adverb of time,
place have a change as follows:
 now ..... .become ..... -then
 yesterday - the day before
 last night - the night before
 last week - the week before
 last Sunday - the Sunday before
 today - that day
 tomorrow - the following day, the next day
 next month - the following month
 next week/year - the following week/year
 Here - there
 this - that
 these – those
 modal present - modal past
Present tense - Past tense
 Examples
 Ainaya said “ I cook rice” (Direct)
 Ainaya said that she cooked rice. (Indirect)
 David said “I buy a new car” (Direct)

 David said that he bought a new car (Indirect)

Past tense - Past Perfect
 Fiqri said “ I went to Bali yesterday” (Direct)
 Fiqri said that he had gone to Bali the day

before. (Indirect)

Present Future - Past Future
 Liliani said “ I will go to Bali tomorrow” (direct)
 Liliani said that she would go to Bali the next

day or following day. (Indirect)

Present Continuous - Past Continuous
 Direct
- I am studying English now.
S P O Adv.
Indirect
he was studying English then.
S P O Adv.

Causative Have and Get
 Active Causative “have” and “get’

Subject + have +complement + Verb I +object (thing)
(usually person)
Subject + get + complement + to infinitive + object (thing)

(usually person)

Active Examples
 Examples of the have form

1. I have Budi clean the room.
2. He will have them apologize you.
 Examples of the get form

1. I get Budi to wash my car.
2. He will get them to apologize you

Causative Have and Get
 Passive Causative “have’ and “get”

Subject + have + object + Verb 3 (past participle)+ object
(noun) (person)
Subject + get + object + Verb 3 (past participle) + object

(noun) (person

Examples
 Example of have form

1. Mery has the car washed
2. He will have the room cleaned
 Example of get form

1. She gets the water boiled
2. Mother will get the flower watered

Relative Pronouns
 Who use for subject person

 Whose use for possesive
 Which use for thing
 Whom use for object person
 That use for both person and thing

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GENERAL ENGLISH

Dr. Sudirman Maca,S.S., M.Hum

 A: Where do you live?

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 Subject Possessive Object Reflexive Meaning

 I my – mine me myself Saya

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 I give a book Saya

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 I help my mother everyday.

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 I help her everyday.

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 I teach every day.

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

John does a lot of things. He goes swimming, plays

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

1. Does John play baseball?

 Present Past Participle Meaning

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 I didn’t have breakfast this morning.

 She will eat fried chicken

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

John : Good evening.

 Present perfect tense

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

Have - I, YOU, THEY, WE, SITI AND AGATA

Has – HE, SHE, IT, AGATA

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 Present perfect continuous tense

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 How long have you been studying English?

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 How long has He/she been studying English?

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 Past perfect tense

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 At, On, in, above, under, behind, beside,

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 What means apa?

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 What is your name?

Note: These modal auxiliaries must be followed by verb

 Will not = won’t

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 Do you have to....

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 Can, Could you ....

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 There are three types of comparison degree in English: The positive

 1. Positive Degree. to indicate the same comparison:

 Subject + Verb + as + adjective + as + noun/pronoun

 This type is indicated the more comparison of

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star

 This types indicated the super comparison of the

October 18, 2023 graps your hiding star