ARTICLES

SUMMERY

Done by :

Mohammad joza’

Izz-aldeen samaha
 The basic elements of Landscape Architecture
1.Vegetation : P l a n t s a r e a n i n t e g ra l p a r t o f 2.Topography : When designing with the topography,
one must be aware of the deep impact this has on the
landscape architecture, and landscape architects
environment
must select appropriate plants for the site based
on factors such as climate, soil type, and desired Change in topography means a change in water and light flow.
Spatially, topography can create strong visual axes and
aesthetic .The use of design elements changed relationships. It can also create new spatial sensations or
o v e r t i m e . I n t h e Ro m a n e s q u e p e r i o d , f o r e x a m p l e , optical illusions.
nature became a symbol. The environment was
seen as the mirror of the world within. At that
time, visual references and aesthetics were in These plans
allow a flexible
focus .Landscape architects are concerned with result and are
q u e s t i o n s s u c h a s , h o w i s t h e v e g e t a t i o n a r ra n g e d , less focused on
in what form is it cut, how is the composition with the aesthetics
but more on the
t h e o t h e r p l a n t s , w h a t i s t h e t e x t u r e , c o l o r, a n d function of the
s c a l e . T h e s e i s s u e s a r e s t i l l r e l e va n t t o d a y, b u t n o space.
longer meet the demands.
15 Projects that showcase sustainability
through landscape design
1. N a t u r e D i s c o v e r y 3. Burj Khalifa Tower 5. Gardens by the
Park, Hong Park, Dubai: Bay, Singapore: 7. Hoesan White
Lotus Pond,
Kong : The special feature of Jeonranamdo:
Designed based on
the park would be the sustainability and
The park has a steel irrigation system nature-inspired are The place is divided
which collects and 6. Solar City, into 5 different parts
two other structures
pumps condensed – the Supertrees and of the lotus that
aluminium cladding water from the humid 4. Where the River Linz: show the implication
the Cooled
framework holding atmosphere through a Runs, Wuhan: Conservatories. of the flower in
water-cooling system The design aimed design. With a
the glass panes These structures are
located in the tower. A Stating that water is to create an breathtaking view,
technologically driven
which creates a 2. The Science and total of 15 million the main connection ecological and the pond is the
having water and
Technical Pole, gallons of water is between people and balanced largest habitat for
r e fl e c t i o n o f t h e energy conservation
Paris : produced annually, nature, the pavilion washland the rare white lotus
systems integral to
farm against the from which a part is aims to spread landscape design. covering an area of
each other.
surrounding The south façade used for irrigation. awareness about Groundwater 330,000sqm
opens towards the sustainable living. At supplementation
skyscrapers campus retrieving flourished and
the beginning of the
showing the co- solar energy and the tour, at the entrance, man-made
north façade is closed visitors are offered wetlands and
existence of nature
offering an insulating seeds of local flowers gardens were
and urbanism. wall with a strong and fruits that are occupied by
thermal barrier. It has sown by them on the natural flora and
a groundwater body ‘river bed’. fauna. A dry
which is the main streambed has re-
source of heat energy flourished and a
for the structure. total of 1500 trees
were planted in
 15 Projects that showcase sustainability through landscape design

8. Railroad Park,
10. Queen 12. Guthrie 14. The Crystal,
Alabama: Elizabeth Green Urban London :
Olympic Park, Tulsa:
The park The project
Park, aimed to get
successfully The heat pumps
London: are supplied with BREEAM
brings in water “Outstanding”
energy generated
from harvested and LEED
The northern by the
Platinum ratings.
water on-site and park has photovoltaic 13. Tongva Park The plants
panels on the and Ken Genser 15. Tianjin
useable recycled industrial Square, Santa
specified are
National
roofs. This saves climate-sensitive
industrial water 9. Vanke Research canals which 11. Aalborg 60% of the Monica : to reduce water Park,
f r o m o ff - s i t e . t o Centre, Shenzhen: are converted Waterfront II, energy consumption. A Tianjin :
into a natural Aalborg : requirement. The using LED and black water
create a large using a stormwater geo-exchange other energy- recycling system the
reservoir which is management system
river corridor is used for
The main idea of system makes the efficient lighting museum
and low-maintenance with the second phase irrigation has a trail
also used for park a successful fixtures. Materials
construction and meadows and was the sustainable were procured
purposes.
where rows
irrigation and the
planting materials. wetlands. continuation of the design. locally like the non- of trees
summer fountains has a 32m tall waterfront tropical hardwood were
windmill which is promenade as a trees. Recycled planted to
used to generate “marsh” along with parts, low VOC control the
power for pumping a curving urban paints, and anti- cold
the collected plinth. It has a rich graffiti surfaces Mongolian
stormwater to the plantation that were used to winds and
building roof for consists of trees, reduce the store water
oxygen exposure. shrubs, and grasses maintenance of the for
that are native to urban square irrigation.
North Jutland.
 What is the role of landscape architects in designing cities

1. Landscape architects 3. Landscape architects design Transportation 5. Landscape architects contribute to

contribute to City Planning and solutions sustainability goals and energy saving:

Policy Making a) Improving Energy efficiency b)Improving Water

through planning: Management:

Water can be managed

on-site by Installing
landscape structures
that help to protect
landscapes against
flooding, as well as
drought

2. Landscape architects manage water 4. Landscape architects support active lifestyles by c)Incorporating Healthy d)Use of Low impact
and stormwater creating community/ public and open parks ecological designs: materials:

Low impact materials are

Native landscapes support pervious and allow water
pollinators and connect to infiltrate aquifers rather
ecosystems across areas. than go to stormwater
and sewer systems

6. Landscape architects work towards

climate resilience . post-disaster
mitigation . redesigning of cities
 Future of landscape architecture as a profession (post-pandemic)

The role of landscape architects is

q u i t e i m p e ra t i ve i n t h e r u d i m e n t a r y
p l a n n i n g s t a g e s o f a ny p r o j e c t— i n
designing with conscious thought
ra t h e r t h a n j u s t b a n d -a i d s t o t h e
disrupted structure of open spaces.

Some major factors to be taken into

consideration are:

1) advocating natural surroundings

preservation.
2) battling environmental change.
3) pushing for dependable urbanization
and restricting spread.
4) supporting urban farming.
 Examples of Historic Landscape Architecture
1. The Summer Palace, 3. Karesansui Dry
Beijing: Garden-Ryoanji Temple :

Built as a visual structure

The Summer Palace’s
arranged gardens,
sanctuaries, and structures
were intended to accomplish
amiability with nature, to
relieve, and to satisfy the
eye.
for users to accomplish
meditative conditions of
consciousness, this garden
additionally goes about as a
natural reference image for
Eastern mysticism.

2. The Humble 4. Hill and Pond Garden-Ginkaku-ji, Kyoto :

Administrator’s Garden,
Suzhou : The sand garden of Ginkaku-ji has gleaned especially notable; and the
carefully framed heap of sand which is said to represent Mount Fuji is a
The water is wide and quiet on a fundamental component in the garden.
superficial level. Pools are implicit in
the middle with structures
remaining around, and wingding
halls associating with one another.
Unlimited waters, winding ways,
sheer slopes, old trees, green
bamboo and a wide range of
blossoms bring the tourists into a
peaceful and distant world
 The evolution of landscape architecture
T h e a r t i c l e d i s c u s s e s t h e e vo l u t i o n o f l a n d s c a p e
a r c h i t e c t u r e a s a fi e l d , f r o m i t s o r i g i n s i n g a r d e n
d e s i g n to i t s c u r r e n t fo c u s o n s u s t a i n a b i l i t y a n d
ecological design. It highlights the contributions of
ke y fi g u r e s i n l a n d s c a p e a r c h i t e c t u r e h i s t o r y, s u c h a s
F r e d e r i c k L a w O l m s t e d a n d Ia n M c H a r g , a n d
d i s c u s s e s t h e i m p a c t o f t e c h n o l o g i c a l a d va n c e s o n
t h e fi e l d . a l s o l o o k s a t c u r r e n t t r e n d s i n l a n d s c a p e
architecture, including the use of digital tools and
the emphasis on creating resilient and adaptable
o u t d o o r s p a c e s . F i n a l l y, i t a r g u e s t h a t l a n d s c a p e
a r c h i t e c t u r e w i l l c o n t i n u e t o e vo l ve i n r e s p o n s e t o
changing social, environmental, and economic
conditions, and that it will play an increasingly
important role in shaping the future of our cities and
 10 practices in Landscape architecture that you did not know were
unsustainable

1. Root out unsustainable 2. Plant selection
Grass lawns incompatible with the site
Even if native plants more
expensive That other types of
plans but over years Its more
sustainable and economic
6. Heat Island problem- Leaving the landscape 7. Over excursion of groundwater
under the harsh mercy of the sun- ECOLOGICALLY table- ECOLOGICALLY,
UNSUSTAINABLE ECONOMICALLY UNSUSTAINABLE
More trees will absorb more
of the stormwater and
increase the transpiration,
which puts water vapor into
the atmosphere and reduces
the average temperature.

4. Ignoring the Soil’s characteristics

- ECOLOGICALLY UNSUSTAINABLE
8. Ignoring the flow of water on-site-
Soil characteristics define the type ECOLOGICALLY and ECONOMICALLY
Deep root growth of various Of plants that can be planted at the site UNSUSTAINABLE
native plants encourage water So that testing soil and consider the results
infiltration and nutrient Very important to planting sustainable plants
absorption
3. Isolated design-Disregarding 5. Inappropriate Hardscaping material-
the context of the site-SOCIO- ECOLOGICALLY UNSUSTAINABLE
CULTURALLY UNSUSTAINABLE Using friendly materials that benefit the
Nature not poisining it (that integrate with
The design which is truly sustainable The nature )
in any area is the native garden––
based on local, naturally growing plants
 Physcological impact of Landscape architecture on users

T h e a r t i c l e d i s c u s s e s h o w l a n d s c a p e a ff e c t s u s p h y s i c a l l y a n d
p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y, a n d h o w o u r e m o t i o n s a n d p e r c e p t i o n s a r e
i n fl u e n c e d b y t h e n a t u r e a n d s t r u c t u r e o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . T h e
positive, negative, and sublime experiential qualities of the
l a n d s c a p e c a n i m p a c t o u r p s y c h o l o g i c a l s t a t e . Po s i t i v e i m p a c t s
can be seen in green spaces and natural elements, which
provide peace of mind and reduce stress. Areas with small
water bodies or fountains can also soothe and heal us.
Negative impacts can be seen in urban sprawl and lack of
green spaces, which can lead to anxiety and depression. The
sublime experiential quality of the landscape can be seen in
awe-inspiring natural landscapes, which can evoke feelings of
wonder and inspiration. Overall, the article emphasizes the
importance of creating and maintaining green spaces and
natural elements in our environment to promote a healthy and
positive psychological state.
 What architects must know about Landscape Urbanism

The article discusses Landscape Urbanism, a theory coined by

C h a r l e s Wa l d h e i m , t h a t e m e r g e d f r o m t h e n e e d f o r c o h e s i v e n e s s
b e t w e e n u r b a n d e s i g n a n d l a n d s c a p e . Tr a d i t i o n a l u r b a n d e s i g n
principles were unable to cope up with the present situations and
conditions of cities, resulting in the emergence of ecologically
informed urbanism. Landscape urbanism argues that the best way
t o o r g a n i z e c i t i e s i s t h r o u g h t h e c i t y ’s l a n d s c a p e a n d
e n v i r o n m e n t a l p l a n n i n g . B r o w n fi e l d d e v e l o p m e n t i s a k e y f e a t u r e
of Landscape Urbanism, and the Fresh Kills project in Staten
I s l a n d , N e w Yo r k , i s a c l a s s i c e x a m p l e o f i t . T h e p r o j e c t i n v o l v e s
c o n v e r t i n g a f o r m e r l a n d fi l l i n t o a p a r k o v e r a s p a n o f 3 0 y e a r s .
Landscape Urbanism aims to design and plan cities that involve
e c o l o g i c a l , e c o n o m i c , a n d e q u i t y s u s t a i n a b i l i t y. T h e g o a l i s t o
increase ecosystem services, generate enough revenue to sustain
and take up new projects, and provide social equality where
everyone has a right and ease of access to green spaces.
 10 Plants to use in Landscape Architecture and why
1. Annuals
- have to be replanted every spring
- Annuals are mostly used in bedding
plants or injecting bursts of colours for
a short term period
- They could even be observed around
the water fountains in high-end areas
and on the perimeters of walkways
2. Biennials
- have a biological life cycle for two years
- Biennials sometimes require cold treatment
during the process of blooming and flowering
- Most of the biennials are vegetables that could
be used in gardens in improving our eating habits
3. Perennials
- live much longer which is about more than
2 years
- Due to a longer lifespan, these plants carry
the label of low maintenance year-round
- good choice for your garden space
4. Vines
- Vines could be annuals but are
mostly perennials
- can be used along the perimeter
of walls, along the trellis or on the
poles
-Vines can be easily modeled and
remodeled according to our desire
to design them
5. Evergreen
- retain their leaves year-round
- remains indistinguishable with
lesser maintenance
6. Deciduous
- shed their leaves every fall
- new canopy is grown every
spring which later prepares to shed
7. Bulbs
- One of the easiest plants to grow
- serves the purpose of aesthetics and
is effortless and fast-growing
8. Groundcovers
- If the garden seems bare on the
ground or underneath the trees,
groundcovers play an active role
- f the garden is steep or the bed is unlevelled due to
topography, groundcovers could be used to level it up
9. Grasses, Sedges, and Rushes
- The type of stem differentiates one from
another. Grass stems are round and hollow,
sedge stems are triangular and rush stem
being round and flat. Grasses and Rushes prefer
full sunlight in their growth while sedges could be
grown in darker areas. Rushes can be grown in
wetland areas
10. Cacti and Succulents
- These plants are good to use for desert
landscapes and a great initiative for xeriscaping
- easier to plant and require less maintenance and
therefore good for the planet due to lesser
requirement of water
 Psychological impact of landscape design

The article discusses the impact of landscape on human

p s y c h o l o g y a n d w e l l - b e i n g . O u r fi r s t e x p e r i e n c e o f a l a n d s c a p e i s
subconsciously evaluated based on our senses and cognitive
perceptions. The human emotive reactions to an environment are
positive or negative dualities, such as attraction vs. repulsion,
c o m f o r t v s . d i s c o m f o r t , a n d s a f e t y v s . d a n g e r. L a n d s c a p e d e s i g n
creates space that imparts a character of feeling or emotion. The
urban fabric of cities has started to have a negative impact on
our minds due to the growing population and urbanism, leading
to a need for more public landscape areas to break the monotony
in cities. Urban green spaces, such as parks and gardens, are
viewed as health-promoting elements of urban planning. The
article emphasizes the importance of landscape architecture in
creating a pattern of positive and pleasurable emotional
responses to enhance human well-being.
Green Roofs: An urban agricultural opportunity

The article discusses the potential of green roofs as an

u r b a n a g r i c u l t u r a l o p p o r t u n i t y. G r e e n r o o f s a r e b e c o m i n g
increasingly popular in urban areas due to their many
b e n e fi t s , i n c l u d i n g r e d u c i n g e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n ,
s t o r m w a t e r r u n o ff , a n d t h e u r b a n h e a t i s l a n d e ff e c t .
H o w e v e r, t h e y a l s o o ff e r t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r u r b a n
agriculture, providing fresh produce and increasing the
availability of green space in cities. The article highlights
several successful examples of green roofs being used for
urban agriculture, including vegetable gardens,
beekeeping, and even aquaponics systems. The article
argues that green roofs can not only contribute to the
health and well-being of urban residents but also promote
sustainable food systems and reduce the environmental
impact of food transportation. The article concludes by
calling for more widespread adoption of green roofs as a
m e a n s o f p r o m o t i n g u r b a n a g r i c u l t u r e a n d s u s t a i n a b i l i t y.
 Reflections : Mohammad Joza’
1- seclection of trees and plants should be based on site conditions .

2- topography of site have a big role of site designing in away saving important features such as water light
fl o w , g i v i n g d i ff e r e n t e x p e r i e n c e b a s e d o n l a n d f o r m .

3-sustainable landscape design is design consider every part of designing form saving the exist elements ,
use native plants consider soil type , using eco friendly materials that advantage the site , consider water
l i g h t fl o w i n d e s i g n , s e l e c t i o n o f p l a n t s .

4-land scape urbanism concept that mean we should integrate land scaping with urban design as a primary
areas not secondary to save cities and our health .

5 - i m p a c t s o f l a n d s c a p e o n o u r h e a l t h a n d o u r p s y c h o l o g y w h i c h r e fl e c t o n u s p o s i t i v e l y a n d h o w l a c k o f
landscaping impact our psychology in a negative ways .

6- terminology of green roofs and how to use it in planting roof so that it impact the surrounding and people
inside building .

7- every plant have a conditions and characteristics should be considered when select plants .

8- the advantges of using native plants and how it impact on economy and sustainability .