Characteristics,

Strengths,
Weaknesses and
Kinds of Quantitative
Research
What Research is not
 Research is NOT merely gathering information

 Research is NOT merely rummaging around for hard-to-locate

information

 Research is NOT merely transporting facts from one location to another

What Research is
 The research process is ITERATIVE
A researcher sometimes needs to move back and forth between
two or more steps along the way

 The research process is CYCLICAL

Research typically involves a cycle in which one study

spawns additional, follow-up studies. Research begets more
research.
(Leedy and Ormrod,
2015)
 Qualitative VS Quantitative
Quantitative Research – emphasizes objective measurements, systematic
investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing
statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.

Qualitative Research - requires non-numeral data, which means that

research uses words, documents, artifacts, objects, pictures and the like
rather numbers

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 Qualitative VS Quantitative
Qualitative Quantitative
Elements of Words, pictures, documents, Numeric or Statistical
Analysis objects, artifacts, etc. (measurable)
Exploratory Conclusive
Research type To explore or discover ideas or To describe, examine
and objective concepts relationships and differences
among variables
None or generated Tested
Hypothesis (relationship/difference)
Individualized (small) Group (large)
Samples and
sampling
Non-probability (purposive) Probability (random)
Open-ended Closed-ended
Instrument
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 Quantitative Research
 Quantitative research is a type of inquiry where relations are established
through the collection of numerical data which are analyzed to derived
generalization

 It is a systematic scientific analysis of data and their relationship

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Characteristics Strengths

Quantitative
Research

Weaknesses Kinds

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 Characteristics
Objective
Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, are
unaffected by researcher’s intuition and personal guesses

Fast Data Collection

Depending on the type of data needed, collection of data is quick and easy.

It uses standardized research instruments that allow data from a large sample size
efficiently

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 Characteristics
Large Sample Size
To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a large sample size

Generalizable and Reliable Data

Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is done
accordingly..i.e., sufficient sample size and random samples were taken.

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 Characteristics
Faster Data Analysis
The use of statistical tools give way for a less time-consuming data analysis.

Visual Result Presentation

Data is numerical which makes presentation through graphs, charts, and tables possible
for better conveyance and interpretation

Replication
The quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity, free
from false or immature conclusions
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 Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

“
STRENGTHS
1. It is objective. Since it provides numerical data, it can’t be easily misinterpreted.

2. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses and allows you to
comprehend a huge number of vital characteristics of data.

3. The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way. By exploring
statistically valid random models, findings can be generalized to the population about
which information is necessary.
4. Quantitative studies are replicable. Standardized approaches allow the study to be
replicated in different areas or over time with the formulation of comparable
findings.

“
Weaknesses

1. Quantitative research requires a large number of respondents. It is assumed that

the larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.

2. It is costly. Since, there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the
expenses will be greater in reaching out to these people and in reproducing the
questionnaires.
3. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem in depth

“
4. The respondents are limited to choose only from the given responses.

5. If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete
and inaccurate. Researchers must be on the look- out on respondents who are just
guessing in answering the instrument.
 Kinds of Quantitative Research
The kind of research is dependent on the researcher’s aim in conducting the study
and the extent to which the findings will be used. The following are the various kinds
of quantitative research that a researcher may employ.

Non-Experimental

Descriptive Correlational Evaluative Survey Ex-Post Facto

Experimental

True Quasi- Pre-

Experimental Experimental Experimental
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 Kinds of Quantitative Research

A. NON-EXPERIMENTAL

1. Descriptive Research. This design is concerned with describing the nature,

characteristics and components of the population or a phenomenon.

For example, you want to know how many hours senior high school students spend in
social media, the number of malnourished students who failed in the achievement
test, and how healthy is the food served during recess in public schools

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2. Correlational Research. It is the systematic investigation of the nature of relationships,
or association between and among variables. It is also concerned with the extent of
relationship that exists between or among the variables. Data is collected since it does not
consider the cause and effect. Ex. Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement of
grade 12 students in the new normal.

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3. Causal- Comparative Research. It is also known as ex post facto (after the
fact)research. It is used to investigate CAUSAL relationship between previous and
present conditions. Consist of 1 variable and two or more groups. For example, a
researcher is interested in how weight influences stress- coping level of adults. Here, the
subjects would be separated into different groups as underweight, normal, and
overweight. This is ex post facto because of the pre- existing characteristic (weight).

Attitudes towards Practical Research 2 of grade 12 STEM and ABM students

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4. Evaluation Research. This kind of research aims to assess the effects, impacts or
outcomes of practices, policies or programs. Assessing the implementation of nursing are
in a hospital and determining the impact of a new treatment procedure for patients is an
example.

5. Survey Research. This is used to gather information from groups of people by selecting
and studying samples chosen from a population. This method has two categories, namely:
cross- sectional, if the information is collected from a sample in just single point in time,
and longitudinal if the researcher collects information on the same subjects over a period
of time.

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B. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Experimental Research. This research utilizes scientific method to test cause- and-
effect relationships under conditions controlled by the researcher. An independent
variable is manipulated to determine the effects on the dependent variables.

Recognizes that the intervention (of the researcher) is present.

 The research decides what intervention is given to the test subjects

 The researcher determines who will be receiving the treatment

 The researcher determines the extent of the conduct of the research

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B. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

1. True Experimental.

 The respondents are randomly assigned to either the treatment or the control
group

 It aims to determine the causal relationships between variables.

 It can be conducted with a pre-test and post-test

 It involves a control group and test group (experimental group)

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B. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

2. Quasi-Experimental.

 It involves the manipulation of independent variable without the random

assignment of respondents to conditions or order of conditions

 The researcher must try to statistically control as many of these differences a s

possible

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B. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

3. Pre-Experimental.

 Either a single group or multiple groups are observed after some agent or
treatment presumed to cause change

 No control group/condition

 No random assignments to the respondents

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IT HAS BEEN A FULFILLING
SESSION TO BE WITH YOU
ALL

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

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