Electrodynamics

Electric Cell
Every device where both ends of conductors have a potential
difference is called electric cell.
Volta Element
Dry element (battery)
Accumulator
 Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal
electrical component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element.
Resistor (R) symbol In electronic circuits, resistors are used to
reduce current flow, adjust signal levels,
to divide voltages, active elements, and
Potentiometer terminate transmission lines, among
other uses
Ohm's Law
The electric current flow in a conductor is
proportional to the potential differences in both
conductor's ends if the conductor is mantained
at a constant temperature.
R = V/I
R = resistance (Ω)
V = Potential differences(V)
I = current that flows (A)
Exercise
1.A circuit has a resistance of 20 ohms (Ω) and a current of 2 amperes
(A). What is the potential difference (voltage) across this circuit?
2.If a conductor has a resistance of 50 ohms (Ω) and is connected to a
12-volt (V) battery, what is the current flowing through the conductor?
3.In a household appliance, a current of 5 amperes (A) is desired, and
the supply voltage is 120 volts (V). What resistance should be present
in the appliance to achieve this current?
 Currents in Series Circuits

In a series circuit, the current flowing everywhere is the same.

 Currents in Parallel Circuit

The current entering a junction

is equal to the current leaving
the junction (Kirchoff's Law)

A1 = A2 + A3 = A4
Example!

1. Pay attention to the following electric circuit and determine the

unknown currents.
3A I5

10 A I1 I2 I3 I4

4A 2A
2. What is the current I in this following circuit and what is its
direction?
I = ....? 5A
10 A
A
7A
15 A
6A
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpj/faraday/latest/faraday.html?si
mulation=generator
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/circuit-construction-kit
-ac

Assignment:
According to the PHET application, explain the differences between
circuits using AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current)
electricity in 100 words. Complete this on paper and submit it.
Assignment:
Design series and parallel circuits using a pencil / pen in a book. The
circuit contains at least two light bulbs, two resistors, and one power
source.
Create circuits on phet, then screenshot.
Using a voltmeter, investigate the difference in voltage when the
resistors are in series and in parallel.
Investigate the differences between AC and DC. (minimum 3)