Typology of

Organization and
its Application
 ● It refers to a
ORGANIZATIO mechanism which
N enables men to live
together.

● It is a structure manned
by group of individuals
who are working
together towards a
common goal.
ORGANIZATIO ● It is the skeleton
framework of an
N
enterprise, just like the
architectural plan of a
building, designed to
achieve its common
goal.
ORGANIZATIO ● Organization is a
process of determining,
N
arranging, grouping
and assigning the
activities to be
performed for the
attainment of
objectives.
 “Organization is the process of identifying and
grouping the work to be performed, defining and
delegating responsibility and authority and
establishing relationship for the purpose of
enabling people to work most effectively together
in accomplishing objectives.”

-Louise A. Allen
 “Organization is a system of consciously
coordinated activities or forces of two or more
persons.”
-Mooney and Reiley

“organization is the form of every human

association for the attainment of a common
purpose.”
-Chester Barnard
Typologies of Organization
On the basis of functions, purpose, primary beneficiary, compliance and-
authority different scholars have classified organization into four categories.

These are:
1. Typologies on the basis of functions or purpose
2. Typologies on the basis of primary beneficiary
3. Typologies on the basis of compliance
4. Typologies on the basis of authority.
 Talcott Parsons has classified
organisation into four types on the
basis of their functions or goal.
These are:
1. Typologies on the
1. Political Organisation
basis of Functions or 2. Economic Organisation
Purpose: 3. Integrative Organisation
4. Pattern Maintenance
Organisation
 ● concerned with attainment
Political
of political goals.
Organisation

● Legislature and
government departments
are examples of such
organisation..
Economic ● There are various
Organisation economic organisations
in the world.

● Economic organisations
produce goods and make
things for economic
purposes which are
consumed by the society.
Integrative Police, judicial
Organisation counts and social
agencies are
examples of this
integrative
organisations.
Pattern Maintenance These organisations are
Organisation concerned with the
societal continuity
through the
educational, cultural
and religions
institutions.
 Further Katz and Kahn classified
organisation into four types, on the
basis of its functions:
These are:
1. Typologies on the
1. Managerial Organisation
basis of Functions or 2. Productive Organisation
Purpose: 3. Maintenance Organisation
4. Adaptive Organisation
Managerial Managerial
Organisation organisation is
concerned with
coordination,
adjudication and
control of resources,
people and subsystem.
Productive ● Productive
Organisation organisations stress on
the creation of wealth.
● These are concerned
with the manufacture
of goods and provide
essential services to the
people.
Maintenance Schools, church, health
Organisation and welfare institutions
come under these
organisations, as they are
provided scope and space
to the people for their
roles in the organisation.
Adaptive Universities and
Organisation research institution are
examples of this
organisation. It provide
opportunities for
creation of knowledge,
testing and development
of theories.
 INSIGHT
Understanding the typology of organizations can help teachers
better comprehend the structures, roles, and dynamics of various types
of organizations. The following are some significant learnings from
studying organizational typology:

1. Structure and Hierarchy: Organizational typology provides insights

into different structures and hierarchies that exist within organizations.
For example, you can learn about hierarchical organizations, where
decision-making authority flows from the top-down, or flat organizations,
where there are fewer levels of management and a more egalitarian
structure. Understanding these structures can help you explain how
organizations operate and how decisions are made.
 INSIGHT
2. Organizational Culture: Different types of organizations
often have distinct cultures that influence their values,
norms, and behaviors. By studying organizational typology,
you can gain insights into the cultural characteristics of
various organizations. For instance, some organizations
may have a culture that emphasizes innovation and risk-
taking, while others may prioritize stability and adherence to
established procedures. Understanding organizational
culture can help you explain why certain behaviors and
attitudes prevail within different organizations.
 INSIGHT
3. Communication and Collaboration: Organizational
typology can shed light on how communication and
collaboration occur within different organizational settings.
For example, you can learn about the communication
channels and decision-making processes used in
hierarchical organizations versus decentralized
organizations. This understanding can help you guide
students in developing effective communication and
collaboration skills that are relevant to different
organizational contexts.
 INSIGHT
4. Organizational Goals and Strategies: Different types of
organizations often have diverse goals and strategies. For
instance, nonprofit organizations may have a mission to
serve a specific cause, while for-profit organizations focus
on generating profits. By studying organizational typology,
you can gain insights into the goals and strategies pursued
by different organizations. This knowledge can help you
explain the motivations behind organizational actions and
guide students in understanding how organizations achieve
their objectives.
 INSIGHT

5. Leadership Styles: Organizational typology can provide

insights into different leadership styles and approaches. For
example, autocratic leadership may be prevalent in certain
organizations, while others may adopt a more participative
or transformational leadership style.
 INSIGHT

Understanding these leadership styles can help you

teach students about effective leadership practices and
encourage them to develop their own leadership abilities. By
incorporating insights from organizational typology into your
teaching, you can provide students with a deeper
understanding of how organizations function, evolve, and
impact society. This knowledge can be valuable for students
pursuing careers in business, management, or any field that
involves working within organizations.
 IMPLICATION

The typology of organizations provides a

framework for understanding the diverse nature of
organizational structures, purposes, and functions.
By exploring various typologies, we gain valuable
insights into the strategic, operational, and cultural
aspects of organizations. This knowledge allows us
to navigate and contribute effectively within
different organizational contexts.
 References and Further Readings:

1. Baker, R.J.S., 1972, Administrative Theory and Public

Administration, Hutchinson University Library, London.
2. Bertram, M. Gross, 1964, The Managing of Organisations, The
Administrative Struggle, The Free Press of Glencoe, Collier-
Macmillan., London.
3. Bhattacharya, Mohit, 1998, New Horizons of Public Administration,
Jawahar Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
4. Denhardt, Robert B. and Joseph W. Grubbs, 2003, Public
Administration - An action Orientation, Fourth Edition, Thomson
(Wadsworth), Canada.
5. Prasad, D. Ravindra, V.S. Prasad and P. Satyanarayan, 2004,
Administrative Thinkers (Ed), Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
 References and Further Readings:

6. Pugh, D.S., 1985, Organisation Theory: Selected Readings (Ed),

Penguin Books, Middlesex, England.
7. Sharma, M.P. & B.L. Sardana, 1988, Public Administration in Theory
and Practice, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.
8. Srivastava, Om Prie, 1991, Public Administration and Management,
The Broadening Horizons, Volume 1, Himalaya Publishing House,
Delhi.