Structure of a neuron

The neuron is made up of a structure whose main parts are the

nucleus, the cell body, and the dendrites. There are many
connections between them due to the axons, or small branches.
The axons help to create networks whose functions is to
transmit messages from neuron to neuron. This process is called
synapsis, which is the binding of the axons by electrical charges
at a rate of 0.001 seconds, which can occur about 500 times per
second.
Nucleus
It is the central part of the neuron. It is located in the cell body,
and is in charge of producing energy for the cells' functions.
Dendrites
Dendrites are the “arms of the neuron”, they form branch extensions that
come out of different parts of the neuron. In other words, it is the cell body.
The cell usually has many branches, and the size depends of the neuron's
function and where it is situated. Its main function is the reception of stimuli
from other neurons.
Cell body
This is the part of the neuron that includes the nucleus. It is in
this space where most of the neuron molecules are synthesized
or generated and the most important activities are carried out to
maintain life and take care of the functions of the nerve cell.
 Glial cells
Neurons are specialized cells that by
themselves they cannot perform all the
nutrition and support functions necessary for
their survival. For this reason, the neuron
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12wfAvoDNTA
surrounds itself with other cells that perform
these functions: Astrocyte mainly responsible
for nourishing, cleaning and supporting
neurons; Oligodendrocyte mainly responsible
for covering the axons of the central nervous
system with myelin, although it also performs
functions of support and
union; Microglia mainly responsible for the
immune response, as well as removal of waste
and maintenance of neuron
homeostasis; Schwann cell responsible for
covering the axons of the peripheral nervous
system with myelin, as shown in the
picture; Ependymocyte responsible for
covering the cerebral ventricles and part of the
spinal cord.
Myelin
Myelin is a material composed
of proteins and lipids. It is
found forming sheaths around
neuronal axons, which allows
them to be protected, isolated
and transmit up to 100 times
more efficiently the potential
for action. In the central
nervous system, myelin is
produced by oligodendrocytes,
while in the peripheral nervous
system, it is produced by
Schwann cells.
Axon terminal
Axon terminals, or synaptic
boutons, are found at the
end of the axon of the
neuron, divided into
terminals whose function is
to link other neurons and
create a synapse. The
brain's neurotransmitters are
stored in the synaptic
boutons in small areas
called synaptic vesicles.
The transmission of these
vesicles from the terminal
buttons of one neuron to the
dendrites of another neuron
is what is known as
synapses.
Node of Ranvier
The Node of Ranvier is a gap
or space between each myelin
sheath of the axon extensions.
The space between each sheath
is just enough and is necessary
to optimize impulse
transmission and ensure that it
does not get lost. This is what
is known as nerve impulse
jump conduction. The main
function of the Node of
Ranvier is to facilitate
movement and optimize
energy consumption.
Axon
The axon is another main
part of the neuron. It is a fine
and long nerve fiber that is
responsible for transmitting
the electric signals between
these brain cells. As was
previously mentioned, axons
have nerve endings wrapped
in myelin sheaths that are
responsible for transmitting
electrical signals from the
soma of the neuron to the
terminal buttons.