Factors Affecting

Psychosocial Health

Prepared by: Dr. Entisar Mohammed

Assist. Prof. of
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Department
:Objective
At the end of the lecture the student will be able to :
 Define of Psychosocial Health
 Identify Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health
 Discuss Strategies to Enhance Psychosocial Health
:Outline

1-What Is Psychosocial Health?

2-Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health
3-strategies to Enhance psychosocial Health
 ?What Is Psychosocial Health
Psychosocial health is the result of complex interaction
between a person’s history and his or her thoughts about and
interpretations of the past and what the past means to to the
present.
 Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health

• Lifespan and maturity

• Personality
Internal • Learned helplessness versus Learned optimism
• Self-efficacy and Self-esteem

• The Family
External • Social bonds
• The broader environment
Internal Factor
Life span and maturity
 · Our temperaments change as we move through life.

· The college years mark a critical transition period for

young adults as they move away from their families and
establish themselves as adults.

· Those who do not accomplish developmental tasks, such

as learning how to solve problems and evaluate decisions,
may find their lives interrupted by recurrent crises later on.
:Personality
In general, people who possess the following personality
trait healthy:
 Personality traits have been shown to link to health
behavior and health outcomes.
 In general, people who possess the following personality
trait healthy:
Happiness Agreeableness
Openness to experience · Emotional stability
Conscientiousness Resiliency
Interpersonal factors
Interpersonal-level theories focus on social networks providing social
support as well as social capital and community competence (Bartholomew,
Parcel, Kok, & Gottlieb, 2006).
Social support can take many forms, with different implications for
behavior: social support has been divided into directive and non-directive or
autonomy-supportive on the one hand and informational, emotional and
instrumental or tangible on the other.
For example, in the case of attempting to change one’s physical activity,
social support could be emotional (e.g. encouraging to exercise), tangible
(e.g. providing exercise equipment), informational (e.g. giving advice on
exercise) or instrumental (e.g. changing one’s schedule so that one can
exercise together).
Self-Efficacy and Self -Esteem

Self-efficacy reflects an individual’s belief that she or he can

successfully execute a sequence of actions in a specified

context (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1997).

• Self-Efficacy
Belief in one’s ability to perform a task successfully!

• Self-Esteem
Sense of self-respect or self-worth
Learned Helplessness vs. Optimism

The learned helplessness and hopelessness was first

proposed by Seligman. He defines helplessness as a belief that
no one can do anything to help you, and hopelessness as a belief
that neither you nor anyone can do anything. He states that
although anxiety is the initial response for a stressful situation,
anxiety is replaced by depression if person fails to control over
the outcome of the situation.
• Learned optimism
Teaching oneself to be optimistic
“Positive affirmations
:External Factor

:The family
Dysfunctional families •
• Children raised in
dysfunctional families
may have a harder time
adapting to life and run
.an increased risk of psychosocial problems
The Macro Environment
 Drugs
 neighborhood
 crime.
 threats to safety.
 injury.
 school failure.
 unemployment.
 financial problems.
 natural disasters.
 play a role in increased risk of
psychosocial problems.
 The Mind—Body Connection

At the core of the mind—body connection is the study of

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), or how the brain and behavior affect the
body’s immune system.

Happiness and Health

• Happiness and health have a profound effect on the body.
• Neurotransmitters function more efficiently in happy people.

Does Laughter Enhance Health?

• Students who use humor as a coping mechanism experience
positive mood.
The Mind—Body Connection
Subjective Well-Being (SWB)
• Uplifting feeling of inner peace
• Overall “feel-good” state

Three Components of SWB:

• Satisfaction with present life
• Relative presence of positive emotions
• Relative absence of negative emotions
Strategies to Enhance Psychosocial Health
 Find a support group.
 Complete required tasks.
 Form realistic expectations.
 Make time for yourself.
 Maintain physical health through exercise. ·
 Examine problems and seek help if needed. ·
 Get adequate sleep.
steps to High self Esteem 12
 Step 1 Forgive yourself for past mistakes
 Step 2 Focus on your positive attributes.
 Step 3 Follow the example of successful people.
 Step 4 Become a self talker.
 Step 5 Exhibit a good attitude.
 Step 6 Get plenty of rest.
 Step 7 Make your work skills your own
 Step 8 Practice your talents
 Step 9 Become physically fit.
 Step 10 Learn new things
 Step 11 Improve your personal relationships.
 Step 12 Dress
:Reference
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