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CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OF NIGERIA
PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS
AUGUST, 2017
CIPM/INT2/004: COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION (Regular)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 (Part I and II) in Section A and any other
four complete Questions of your choice in Section B.

Time Allowed: 3 hours

SECTION A

QUESTION I (Part I and II)

PART I (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)

1. The process of grouping resources and activities to accomplish an end in an efficient

and effective manner is known as ____________________________.
(A) Planning
(B) Directing
(C) Organizing
(D) Co-ordinating

2. The type of control implemented before the commencement of an activity that is at

the input stage is called ____________________________.

(A) Feed forward control

(B) Concurrent control
(C) Recurrent control
(D) Feedback control

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3. The administrative theory was associated with ____________________.

(A) Frederick W. Taylor

(B) Henri Fayol
(C) Max Weber
(D) Douglas McGregor

4. All the following are the decisional roles of managers, except ___________________.
(A) Entrepreneur
(B) Disturbance handler
(C) Resources allocation
(D) Spokes person

5. The ability to make decision which will promote the welfare of the enterprise as a
whole rather than the return or some specific unit of the firm is referred to as
___________________.
(A) Conceptual skill
(B) Human skill
(C) Technical skill
(D) Design skill

6. Giving instructions to subordinates to carry out tasks over which the manager has
authority for decisions and responsibility for performance is called_______________.

(A) Delegation
(B) Organizing
(C) Planning
(D) Co-ordinating

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7. The model that indicates that external constraints affect elements of management
process and elements of management process in turn affect management managerial
effectiveness is called ______________________.

(A) Kootz model

(B) Negandi-estafen model
(C) Farmer-Richman model
(D) Max-weber model

8. Control with force, threats and dismissal for the least diversion from company’s rule
is called

(A) Forceful control

(B) Unfair discipline
(C) Neutral discipline
(D) Position discipline

9. The most observable element that indicates cultural differences in international

business is
(A) Religion
(B) Language
(C) Laws and customs
(D) Politics

10. The group of activities according to geographical area in which they are performed is?

(A) Departmentalisation by place

(B) Departmentalisation by function

(C) Departmentalisation by size

(D) Departmentalisation by finance

[10 marks]

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PART II (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)

Fill in the gaps in the following questions with appropriate words.

11. The set of obligations an organisation has to protect and provide for the society in
which it functions is called ______________________________.

12. A technique which provides an improved basis for executive decision-making by

scientifically assessing alternative course of action is ___________________.

13. The comparison of selected performance measurements with some challenging

yardstick is _____________________________.

14. The control technique used in showing inter-relationships between groups of figures
as a measure of efficiency is _____________________.

15. A special management technique where managers and subordinates focus attention on
the tasks to be completed and the performance to be achieved at an individual level is
___________________________.

16. System that interacts with external environment to survivor is _______________.

17. A philosophy that advocates eliminating waste, solving problems and striving for
continual improvement in operation is ________________________.

18. Group deliberately created by the organisation’s manager to accomplish goals and the
needs of the organisation is known as ___________________.

19. The formal process though which labour unions represent employees in negotiation
with management is ____________________.

20. The mode of compensating the workers for exerting their energy their time in
accomplishing the organisation objectives is ___________________________.

[10 marks]

[Total =20 marks]

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SECTION B

Question 2
Ethics is designed as a discipline dealing with what is good and bad with moral duty
obligations. Ethics is an individual’s personal belief about whether a behavior, action or
decision is right or wrong and what an individual considers to be good or bad, right or wrong
comes from various sources.

Required

(a) What are the ethical concerns of managers as they relate to different publics?
[4 marks]

(b) Highlight the THREE managerial areas of ethics in an organisation

[6 marks]
[Total = 20 marks]

Question 3

Because people come together to satisfy a wide array of psychological needs, social relations
in general area was conflict. In the course of their interactions, people must deal with
differences as well as similarities, with aversions as well as affinities. Sigmund Freud parallel
of humans and porcupines is apt; like porcupines, people prick and injure one another when
they get too close, they feel cold if they get too far apart, conflict is inherently neither
functional nor dysfunctional which can be seen as a potential for improving or impairing
organizational performance depending on how it is managed.

Required:

(a) State the major causes of organizational conflict. [5 marks]

(b) State functional and dysfunctional outcomes of conflict. [10 marks]

(c) State various ways in which an organization can manage conflict. [7 marks]
[Total = 20 marks]

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Question 4

Employees’ performance is contingent on a number of factors such as the skills (abilities

appropriate for assigned jobs), motivation and role charity (a clear understanding of assigned
roles). Motivation is a pervasive function that cut across all aspects of employees’
development.

Required:

(a) Highlight FIVE dynamic process of motivation that denotes relationship between
needs and fulfillment in an individual within an organisation. [6 marks]

(b) Discuss THREE typical means according to Herzberg theory of motivation whereby
work can be revised to improve motivation. [9 marks]
(c) Explain various factors suggested in Patton’s theory of motivation which are similar
to Herzberg TWO factors theory of motivation. [5 marks ]
[Total = 20 marks]

Question 5

Fayol called for the introduction of formal managerial training in schools rather than reliance
on the “sink or swim approach” then in use, he further provide a break-down of the principles
of management which he believed could be applied to the house, religious organisation,
military and politics as well as industry. Fayol carefully choose the term “principle” of
management rather than “laws” to avoid any idea of rigidity, the principles are flexible and
can be adapted to meet every need depending on circumstances.

Required

Enumerate the fourteen principles of management as specified by Fayol. [Total =20 marks]

Question 6

(a) What is Corporate Social Responsibility? [5 marks]

(b) Mr. Greg the Chief Executive Officer of GAON Plc engaged in an argument with
other members of the company “I consider my workers as assets not liability, and
apart from company satisfying its own interest, business organisations should satisfy
the continuing interests of other groups”.
Identify these groups and how they are being satisfied. [ 15 marks]
[Total = 20 marks]

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Question 7

Job differ in terms of physical and mental demands they make on the task holder. The area of
concerns is to examine the various components of both the physical and mental skills that
may be required for performing the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a given manager.

Required:

(a) Highlight FIVE important physical skills required of a person for effective job
performance in an organisation. [5 marks]

(b) State the determinants of mental intelligence required of an individual capacity within
an organisation. [15 marks]
[Total = 20 marks]

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