IELTS WRITING

Lesson Eight: 小作文 1

 IELTS WRITING

Taks I

Line
Pie
Bar
Table
Diagram /flow chart/map
 IELTS WRITING

把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并
且组织成文章。
 TASK I

2. 评分标准

（ 1 ）任务完成情况：
趋势描写，数据支持，不要画蛇添足
（ 2 ）关联词大量而准确地使用（连贯）
（ 3 ）词汇
（ 4 ）句子结构
 IELTS WRITING

把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织
成文章。

HOW?

description
compare
contrast
 TASK I

This graph shows the < 数据形式 >

首句
of < 对象 > in < 地点 > < 时间 >.
首段

二句 有可能的话总结总体趋势

中间段
趋势描写，数据支持，有必要时写出最高点
/ 最低点

末段 重申最重要的趋势
 TASK I
Number of full-time teachers of regular schools
(in millions) in China (1960-1990).

12

10
8

4
2

0
60y
62y
64y
66y
68y
70y
72y
74y
76y
78y
80y
82y
84y
86y
88y
90y
 首段 – 首句

graph -> figure, line graph

Show -> indicate, unfold, display, reveal, reflect,

relate, illustrate, provide an overview of…
 首段 – 首句

首段常用句型 :

1.The table/chart/diagram/graph shows (that)...

2.The figures/statistics show (that)...

3.The diagram shows/ describes/ illustrates how...

4.According to/As (is) shown in the/As can be seen from the table/chart, dia
gram, graph, figures 

5.It can be seen/observed from the/ we can see from the…

6.It is clear/ apparent from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures (that)...

 首段 – 首句

The above figure indicates the amount of full-

time teachers of regular schools in China
between 1960 and 1990.
 首段 – 首句

请写出本图的第一句话：

This graph shows the number of full-time teach

ers of regular schools in China during 3 decad
es from 1960 to 1990.
 首段 – 二句
Number of full-time teachers of regular schools
(in millions) in China (1960-1990).

12

10

0
60y
62y
64y
66y
68y
70y
72y
74y
76y
78y
80y
82y
84y
86y
88y
90y
 首段 – 二句

连接词：

1. According to the figure,…

2. It is clear that…, It can be (clearly) seen that…,

3. From…it can be (safely) concluded that…

4. One of the most surprising/interesting finds was…

5. Compare with…
 如何表达总体趋势

a). The overall trend//general trend ( 主语 )

+indicates + 从句

b). The overall trend//general trend( 主语 )

+ indicates + N.

c). There be + an overall + 某种趋势

 首段 – 二句

It can be seen that there was an increasin

g trend from 1960 to 1990. However, there
were some fluctuations in earlier years.
 首段 – 二句

It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 196

0 to 1990. However, there were some fluctuations in earlie
r years.

According to the figure, although there were some fluctuati

ons in earlier years, there exists indeed an increasing tren
d.

The overall trend was to indicate the increasingly growing

number, although there exists some fluctuations in the ear
lier years.
 首段 – 二句

时态：首句一般现在时，其他一般过去时。

* 如果图表是对将来情况的预测，全部用一般现在时。
 主体段
Number of full-time teachers of regular schools
(in millions) in China (1960-1990).

12

10
8

4
2

0
60y
62y
64y
66y
68y
70y
72y
74y
76y
78y
80y
82y
84y
86y
88y
90y
 五种描述趋势的句式

a) There be 句型 : “ 变化名词” 作主语 + IN + 被描述对象

e.g. There was an increase/decrease in the number of
…

b) “ 描述对象” 做主语
e.g. There were increasingly more teachers.

c) 纵坐标作主语 ( 一般为被描述对象 ) + 变化 < 动词 >+ 其他

e.g. The number (percentage) of … went up (went dow
n)…

d) 横坐标作主语 ( 一般为时间 ) + “ 经历” + “ 变化 < 名词 >”+

IN 被描述对象 + 地点
* 表示经历 : saw// witnessed//experienced

e) 地点作主语 + “ 经历” + “ 变化 < 名词 >”+ IN 被描述对象

+ 时间
 连接手段

1. Then/ from this time onwards/ from then on

There was a rise. Then the number went down...

2. After/ before
There was a rise, before the number went down.
After a rise, there was a decrease, before the number rem
ained stable.

3. …which was followed by/which led to/which preceded an in

crease/decrease
There was a rise, which was followed by a decrease.
 连接手段

4. 上一句最后时间词， when...
There was a rise in the number of teachers from__in__to__in__,when the nu
mber went down.

5. Again （第二次以后的上升 / 下降）

There was a rise. Again, the number went down.

6. However...then... （上升和下降之间）
There was a rise. However, the number then went down.

其他关联词：类比、对比、句子衔接
However/ compare to/ in contrast/ / similarly/ conversely/ / while
Similarly/likewise
As to/ in term of / as for
 数据的表达方式

1. From 数据 in 年份 to 数据 in 年份
2. Peak at 数据 bottom at 数据
3. There were 数据
4. Decrease to 数据 / increase up to ab
out 数据
5. 趋势 with 数据
6. Which was about 数据
 主体段

分项描写信息：

According to the figure, there was a sharp decrease

in the number of teachers from five millions in 1960
to three millions in 1962, which was followed by
a rapid increase over the next two years. The numb
er dropped again from almost six millions in 1964 t
o five million in 1966 and then went up gradually u
ntil 1976 when there was a leveling off at eight mill
ions for the next ten years. The years from 1986 to
1990 saw a steady rise in the number of teachers.
 末段

1. 重述总体特征；

In conclusion, more teachers were in Chi

nese regular schools in the 1990s than 3
0 years before.

bar chart/ table

 末段

不要进行主观描述
不要分析原因
不要找本质
 Complete Example
This graph shows the number of full-time teachers of regular schools in
China between 1960 and 1990.

It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990.
However, there were some fluctuations in earlier years.

According to the figure, there was a sharp decrease in the num

ber of teachers from five million in 1960 to three million in 196
2, which was followed by a rapid increase over the next two
years. The number dropped again from almost six million in 19
64 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 197
6 when there was a leveling off at eight million for the next te
n years. The years from 1986 to 1990 saw a steady rise in the
number of teachers.
In conclusion, more teachers were in Chinese regular schools i
n the 1990s than 30 years before.
 TASK I

1. 说明趋势：
trend, momentum.

2. 描述增加、波动、减少和反转：
gain, pick up,

increase, rise, surge, jump, go up,

decrease, fall, drop, decline, slow down ；

level off at /level out at; maintain,

fluctuate, fluctuation,reverse
 TASK I
3. 描述变化程度：
dramatically, suddenly, significantly, sharply, steeply, rapidly,
moderately, gradually, steadily,
slightly, slowly,

4. 表示高、底：
peak at/of… peaking at …; reach the bottom/ botttom out at…

5. 表示数据
一般：
have 10%; at 10%;over 10%
最高（低）点：
peaked; reached a peak/high(point)
bottomed out; reached the bottom
 TASK I

6. 表示程度：
almost adv. 几乎，差不多
nearly adv. 几乎，密切地
approximately adv. 近似的，大约
about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围
just over 刚超过
over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾
exactly adv. 正确地，严密地
precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地

7. 表示范围：
from…to… between…and… for …to … 多长时间直到

8. 比例：
20 per cent 20%
one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
 IELTS WRITING

客观写作 Key points 对比特征

或数据

1)As can be 1) however, /

seen from the 1) 每一类图有其 in contrast,
chart… 自己最想要表 / on the co
2)It is clear 达的地方 ntrary/
from the graph 2) 突出重点 2) Compared
that… 3) 数据的重点 with…
3) The 突出和非重点 contrary to
diagram …
处理
shows… 3) 个性化的表达
The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout
the day in 1992. Radio and television audiences in the UK, Octob
er-December 1992.
两条曲线
 TASK I

The graph shows the percentage of audiences

over 4 years old of UK follows the radio and te
levision throughout the day during the period
October-December 1992.
 TASK I

It has been observed from the graph that less than 10

% audiences follows the radio at 6:00 am and the perc
entage raised to a pick around 30% at 8′AM and decli
ne gradually to around 10% during the period 2′00 to
4′00 Pm and again raised a bit to around 12% betwee
n 4′00 to 6′00 PM. It then again dropped to below 10%
at around 10′PM. The rate again raised to a bit betwee
n 10′00 PM to 12′00 PM and then dropped slowly by 4′
00 AM.
 TASK I

On the other hand, the rate of television audiences rai

ses 0-10% during the period 6′00 to 8′00 am and rema
in steady up to 10′AM and then gradually goes down b
y 12′00 noon. The percentage raised dramatically to a
round 15% by 2′00 noon. The percentage raised dram
atically goes down by 12′00 noon. The percentage rai
sed dramatically to around 15% by 2′00 PM which aga
in raised to a pick above 40% between 6′00-8′00 PM a
nd then gradually dropped between the period 12′00 P
M to 4′00 AM.
 TASK I

The bold graph shows the television audiences throughout the day.
It shows that the percentage of audiences is zero percent in early
morning but it gradually rises unto ten percent at 8:00 am and mai
ntains the same for the next two hours. There is a slight fall in perc
entage in next two hours however after that it rises sharp unto twe
nty percent within the next two hours. After this the graph rises ver
y fast and attains it's peak at 10 pm which is about forty five perce
nt. The graph gradually falls down and at 2:00 am it is at five perce
nt. The thinner graph shows the percentage for radio audiences. U
nlike the television one the peak percentage of the radio audience
s is at 8:00 am which is about 30 percent. Then it gradually falls a
nd it corresponds with the television one at two pm. After that it gr
adually falls but with a small increase in percentage at 4:30 to 6: 0
0 pm. The percentage of audience then gradually goes down and
at four AM it is the lowest which is near 2 percentage. These grap
hs prove the progressive popularity of television.
 TASK I

多条曲线：（中间段落）

1. 分别写三条曲线

2. 分阶段对比三条曲线

3. 混合写法（先写将其中两条分阶段对比
写），再写剩下的一条
The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 6
5 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The line graph shows the proportion of people in Japan, Sweden, and USA a
ged 65 and over from 1940 and the expected proportions up to 2040.

From 1940-1990, the proportions of aged 65 and over in the USA and Swed
en WERE similar follow the same trend. In 1940 the figures were 9% and 7
% respectively in 1990.Thereafter, American’s proportion of people aged 65
and over leveled out and is forecasted to remain in 14% until 2020, after w
hich it is expected increase to 23% in 2040. however, Sweden’s proportion
of people aged 65 and over began to rise after 1990. This increase is foreca
sted to continue until 2010 when the proportion is estimated to be 20%. Th
en there is expected to be a slight drop to 18% in 2030, followed by a steep
climb to 25% in 2040.

The situation in Japan differs considerably, with a fall in the percentage of p

eople aged 65 and over between 1940(5%) to 1960(3%). The percentage r
emained steady until 1985, where upon it began to climb. This rise is projec
ted to continue until around 2030, when the proportion of Japannese aged 6
5 and over is expected to reach 10%. Thereafter, within just a few years, th
e proportion is forecast to rise dramatically to 25%, with a less darmatic res
e to 27% in 2040.
 TASK I ：流程图和示意图

目的：
让没有看到图表的人，听完你的描述后，就对图表的主
要特征有所了解

方法：
1 ）结构（时间 / 空间顺序）
2 ）流程（时间顺序） / 功能（例举） * 必须分段
结构一 功能一

结构二 功能二

结构三 功能三
 TASK I ：流程图和示意图
The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life
of the silk worm.

First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days fo
r each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leav
es. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a c
ocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three we
eks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and th
e life cycle begins again.

The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cl
oth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can b
e separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 a
nd 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dy
ed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.

Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm
can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.
 TASK I ：流程图和示意图
As is shown in the flow chart, the process of recycling organic waste to
produce compost is really a complex one.

The whole process can be categorized into five stages. First of all, prep
are a plastic container which has four holes for ventilating the air. Ther
e is a rule when putting waste into the container, food at the bottom wi
thin 15 centimeters high, grass at the middle and newspaper at the top
within 15 centimeters high altogether, in order to make a optimum envi
ronment for different bacteria reproducing. In the following stage, we c
an witness nitrogen and water being put into the container. What's wor
th mentioning is that water is only added in a hot weather. Next, heat t
he waste and let the bacteria reproduce fastly, with which the organic
waste can be decomposed and became garden fertiliser after 6 months.
Subsequently, we can carry the compost out and move it to the garden,
thus a new recycling can begin.

In conclusion, using this way to turn the organic waste into garden fert
iliser is environmentally friendly. By enlarging the number or volume of
the container, we can dispose more waste at the same time.
 TASK I ：流程图和示意图
The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.

Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of S

outh America, Africa and Indonesia. The tree produces large red p
ods which contain white cocoa beans. Firstly, when the pods are ri
pe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are ferme
nted for several days in large wooden boxes. During the fermentin
g process, the beans turn brown.

Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then
put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the
beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in a
n oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.

After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is re
moved. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the i
nner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.