Rizal in The Context of 19TH Century Philippines 1

TOPIC TITLE: RIZAL IN THE CONTEXT
OF 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
HIST 100
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 1
Rizal in the Context of Nineteenth-Century Philippines
By: John N. Schumacher, S.J.
 The importance of understanding Jose Rizal and his nationalist ideas in the
broader context of his times. It argues that while Rizal is central to Filipino
nationalism, one cannot fully grasp his significance without considering the
economic, political, cultural, and religious developments of the nineteenth
century that influenced him. It criticizes the tendency to invoke Rizal's
words without considering the historical context or the issues he addressed.
Renato Constantino used phrase such an approach leads to a superficial
appreciation, akin to "veneration without understanding," which
ultimately amounts to no true veneration at all.
A. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
In the 19th century, the Nationalist movement became present

due to the economic growth.
The middle and upper class Filipinos had increased their

prosperity.
Machineries and consumer goods were brought.
Philippine exports were mainly agricultural products.

 RICE GROWING LAND  SUGAR GROWING LAND  ABACA GROWING LAND

 LANDS OF CENTRAL LUZON, BATANGAS, PARTS OF THE

BIKOL REGION, NEGROS AND PANAY
Lands in Central Luzon, Panay, Batangas, parts of Bicol
Region, and Negros
 These also included the Hacenderos of Pampanga, Batangas, and the friars owning large
Hacendas.
 "Inquilinos" also profited in the economic growth.
 Rising prosperity had also brought friction between Inquilinos and friar haciendas.
 Eventually, this would lead to a questioning of the friars' rights to the haciendas
EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE COUNTRY AND

PEOPLE
 By the late 18th century, political and economic changes in Europe were
finally beginning to affect Spain and, thus, the Philippines.
 Not until 1863 was there public education in the Philippines, and even
then the church controlled the curriculum.
B. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
 Spain in the 19th century was typified by the struggle between

Liberals and Conservatives.
 Spain lost most, if not all, of its colonies in South America in the
19th century.
 How did this affect the Philippines? Did it have a positive or

negative effect?
How did this affect the Philippines and to the People? Did it
have a positive or negative effect?
 Constant practice of replacing Governor Generals
 Dumping ground for inept bureaucrats
 Failure to make or achieve consistent policies.
 There was political instability

POLITICAL STRUCTURE DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA

C. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
 The Ilustrados, otherwise known as the “enlightened one”,
were the educted class in the Philippines society during the
Spanish occupation.
 The Main emphasis/ focus is Education
 They were instrumental in paving the way for the creation
of the Propaganda Movement.
 Most of the members of the propaganda movement were
Ilustrados. (e.g. Jose Rizal, Juan Luna)
 The rapid spread of higher education among middle and
lower class Filipinos accelerated Filipino Nationalism.
ROLES OF THE JESUITS

 The Jesuits ware responsible for the creation of the Escucla Normal de Maestros and
Atanico de Municipal.
 They instilled among Pilipino students a sense of nationalism through their humanistic
form of education.
 They inculcated in the minds of students the principles of human dignity, justice, an
equality of all men.
 The Jesuits were unlike the other friars, who were educators but did not do too much to
educate the Filipinos.
Experience of Filipino Students in Spain

• How did the experience of Filipino students in Spain accelerate
Filipino Nationalism?
 After experiencing the liberties in Spain, and noticing how it was

different compared to the Philippines.
 They saw the backwardness of Spain compared to other

European nations and saw how Spain cannot manage their own
political problems.
Interest in the Filipino Past

Filipinos instilled in their minds a sense of pride and national
identity.
They used Philippine history to prove that three centuries of

Spanish rule did not lead to any progress, only decline.
Rizal averred that Filipino could have developed on their own

before the coming of the Spaniards.
Pride of Being Pilippines.

D. RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT
D. RELIGOUS DEVELOPMENT
La Solidaridad
 "La Solidaridad" was a newspaper published in Barcelona,
Spain, by Filipino reformists during the late 19th century. It
played a significant role in the context of Gomburza, which
refers to the execution of three Filipino priests: Mariano
Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora in 1872. Here's
how "La Solidaridad" was connected to Gomburza:
1.Advocacy for Reforms
2.Exposing Injustices
3.Raising Awareness
4.Promoting Nationalism
 In summary, "La Solidaridad" served as a platform for

advocating reform and exposing injustices, including
the Gomburza incident. It played a pivotal role in the
development of Filipino nationalism and the struggle
for greater autonomy and rights in the Philippines
during the late 19th century.
GOMBURZA
GOMBURZA
 "Gomburza" is a term that refers to three Filipino
priests who were executed by Spanish authorities on
February 17, 1872. The name "Gomburza" is an
acronym derived from their surnames: Mariano
Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora. Their
tragic fate had a profound impact on Philippine history
and served as a catalyst for the growing nationalist
sentiment against Spanish colonial rule.
ADVOCACY FOR REFORMS

 Gómez, Burgos, and Zamora were known for their advocacy for reforms within
the Catholic Church. They sought to address issues like clerical abuses and the
limited participation of Filipinos in the Church's hierarchy.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 The involvement of Gomburza in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 is a subject of
historical debate and controversy.
 Many historians believe that Gomburza's involvement in the Cavite Mutiny
was exaggerated and that they were unfairly targeted due to their advocacy for
church reforms and their perceived influence among Filipino nationalists. Their
execution, however, had a profound impact on Philippine society
INVOLVEMENT IN SECULARIZATION MOVEMENTS
 They were associated with the Secularization

Movement, which aimed to transfer the administration
of parishes from the religious orders (like the
Dominicans and Franciscans) to the secular clergy
(native Filipino priests).
TRIAL AND EXECUTION

The three priests were subjected to a highly controversial trial.
They were convicted of treason and sedition, and despite strong
public outcry, they were executed by garrote on Bagumbayan
Field (now Luneta Park) in Manila.
Garrote- is strangling with some form of cord such as rope, wire,

chain, or shoelaces, either partially or fully circumference the neck.
IMPACT ON THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 The execution of Gomburza had a profound impact on

Philippine society. It fueled nationalist sentiments against
Spanish colonial rule and increased demands for reforms
in various aspects of Filipino life, including religion,
education, and governance.
LEGACY
 Gomburza became martyrs for the nationalist cause, and
their memory continues to be revered in Philippine
history. Their sacrifice is commemorated annually in the
Philippines on February 17 as Gomburza Day.
WHAT IS THE INFLUENCED OF GOMBURZA ON JOSE

RIZAL?
 The Gomburza incident deeply influenced the young

José Rizal, who would later become a prominent figure
in the Philippine independence movement. Rizal's
writings and actions were in part a response to the
injustices suffered by Gomburza.
CONCLUSION
 In summary, Gomburza's legacy is an integral part of the
narrative of Philippine independence and the struggle against
colonial oppression. They are remembered as heroes who stood
up for justice and the rights of Filipinos during a crucial period in
Philippine history. The connection between Gomburza and José
Rizal lies in their shared commitment to reforms and their impact
on the development of Filipino nationalism. The sacrifice of
Gomburza influenced Rizal's own dedication to the cause of
social and political change in the Philippines.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING TO OUR
DISCUSSION.
WE ARE THE GROUP 1

OCAMPO, MICCA
JOCSING, CHRISTINE LOVE
ENCULAR, NICOLE JHON
BSCD 1A

Rizal in The Context of 19TH Century Philippines 1

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TOPIC TITLE: RIZAL IN THE CONTEXT

OF 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES

In the 19th century, the Nationalist movement became present

The middle and upper class Filipinos had increased their

Machineries and consumer goods were brought.

Philippine exports were mainly agricultural products.

 RICE GROWING LAND  SUGAR GROWING LAND  ABACA GROWING LAND

 LANDS OF CENTRAL LUZON, BATANGAS, PARTS OF THE

 "Inquilinos" also profited in the economic growth.

EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE COUNTRY AND

 Spain in the 19th century was typified by the struggle between

 How did this affect the Philippines? Did it have a positive or

 Dumping ground for inept bureaucrats

 Failure to make or achieve consistent policies.

 There was political instability

POLITICAL STRUCTURE DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA

ROLES OF THE JESUITS

Experience of Filipino Students in Spain

 After experiencing the liberties in Spain, and noticing how it was

 They saw the backwardness of Spain compared to other

Interest in the Filipino Past

They used Philippine history to prove that three centuries of

Rizal averred that Filipino could have developed on their own

Pride of Being Pilippines.

 In summary, "La Solidaridad" served as a platform for

ADVOCACY FOR REFORMS

INVOLVEMENT IN SECULARIZATION MOVEMENTS

 They were associated with the Secularization

TRIAL AND EXECUTION

Garrote- is strangling with some form of cord such as rope, wire,

IMPACT ON THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

 The execution of Gomburza had a profound impact on

WHAT IS THE INFLUENCED OF GOMBURZA ON JOSE

 The Gomburza incident deeply influenced the young

WE ARE THE GROUP 1

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