Healthcare Using

Fedarated Learning
Layashma Veeramalla
AP21110011420
INTRODUCTION
Federated learning is a machine learning approach that allows for training a shared
model across multiple decentralized edge devices (such as smartphones, IoT devices,
or local servers) while keeping the data on those devices rather than sending it to a
central server. This approach addresses privacy and data security concerns associated
with traditional centralized machine learning models.
•Decentralization: Federated learning works well in decentralized and edge
computing environments, where data is spread across various devices or locations.
•Collaboration: Multiple entities can collaborate to build a stronger model without
directly sharing their data. This is beneficial in various applications, including
internet services, healthcare, and industrial settings.
Here’s How Fedarated Learning Works
1.Model Initialization: A global machine learning model is initialized on a central server.

2.Local Training: The local devices (edge devices) perform training on their own data using the
global model as a starting point. This training can be for a specific task, such as image
classification, natural language processing, or recommendation systems.

3.Model Update: After local training, the local devices compute model updates based on their data
and share only these updates (not the raw data) with the central server. This update typically
includes information about how to adjust the global model parameters.

4.Aggregation: The central server collects these updates from all participating devices and
aggregates them to update the global model. This process ensures that the central model benefits
from the knowledge learned from various local datasets without ever seeing the raw data.

5.Iteration: Steps 2 to 4 are repeated iteratively until the global model converges or reaches a
satisfactory performance level.
Digital Health
Digital health is a rapidly growing field that merges healthcare and technology to
improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency, and reduce costs

Digital healthcare means using technology to make medical services easier and
better. This includes things like electronic records on computers, talking to doctors
through video calls (telemedicine), using health apps on your phone, and wearing
devices that track your health. These digital tools help people get healthcare more
easily, especially in places where it's hard to reach a doctor. The goal is to make
healthcare quicker, cheaper, and more helpful for everyone.
The future of digital health with
fedarated learning
Data-driven machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising approach for
building accurate and robust statistical models from medical data, which is collected
in huge volumes by modern healthcare systems. Existing medical data is not fully
exploited by ML primarily because it sits in data silos and privacy concerns restrict
access to this data. However, without access to sufficient data, ML will be prevented
from reaching its full potential and, ultimately, from making the transition from
research to clinical practice. We explores how federated learning (FL) may provide a
solution for the future of digital health and highlights the challenges and
considerations that need to be addressed.
DATA-DRIVEN MEDICINE REQUIRES FEDERATED EFFORTS
Fedarated Learning Workflows
A. FL aggregation server—the typical FL workflow in which a federation of training
nodes receive the global model, resubmit their partially trained models to a central
server intermittently for aggregation and then continue training on the consensus model
that the server returns.This process is done iteratively until we get an optimized model.
B. FL peer to peer—alternative formulation of FL in which each training node
exchanges its partially trained models with some or all of its peers and each does its
own aggregation.
C. Centralised training—the general non-FL training workflow in which data
acquiring sites donate their data to a central Data Lake from which they and others are
able to extract data for local, independent training
Overview of
different federated
learning choices
Federated learning in healthcare is an emerging approach that leverages the power
of machine learning while addressing the privacy and security concerns associated
with sensitive medical data. It enables the collaborative training of machine learning
models across multiple healthcare institutions or devices without sharing raw patient
data. Here's some information about federated learning in healthcare:
1.Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing: Healthcare data is often highly sensitive and subject to strict
privacy regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the
United States. Federated learning allows institutions to collaborate on model training without sharing
the raw data, thereby maintaining data privacy.
2.Decentralized Model Training: In federated learning, the model is trained locally on each
institution's data, and only model updates (gradients) are shared with a central server or among
participating entities. This ensures that individual patient data remains on-site, reducing the risk of
data breaches.
3.Collaborative Model Improvement: By aggregating model updates from multiple institutions or
devices, a global model is developed. This model is improved over time as more institutions
participate, leading to a more robust and accurate machine learning model.
4.Real-Time Learning: Federated learning enables institutions to train machine learning models
continuously. This is particularly valuable in healthcare, where data changes rapidly, allowing the
model to adapt to new information and evolving medical practices.
5.Reduced Bias: By aggregating data from different sources, federated learning can help reduce bias in
machine learning models. This is important in healthcare to ensure that algorithms are fair and provide
accurate predictions for diverse patient populations.
6.Clinical Applications: Federated learning is used in various healthcare applications, including
disease diagnosis, treatment recommendations, drug discovery, predictive analytics, and resource
allocation. For example, it can assist in identifying rare diseases, predicting patient outcomes,
and optimizing hospital operations.
7.Challenges: Federated learning in healthcare does come with challenges, including the need
for standardization of data formats, secure data transmission, and ensuring that the federated
model's performance is comparable to models trained on centralized data.
8.Regulatory Compliance: Compliance with healthcare regulations, such as HIPAA in the
United States and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe, is essential when
implementing federated learning in healthcare. Institutions must ensure that patient data is
protected at all times.
9.Security: Maintaining the security of federated learning systems is crucial to prevent
malicious actors from manipulating model updates or exploiting vulnerabilities. Secure
communication protocols and encryption techniques are commonly used to address these
concerns.
10.Advancements: As federated learning in healthcare continues to evolve, there will likely be
advancements in the technology and best practices. Healthcare institutions, technology
companies, and regulators are working together to promote the responsible adoption of federated
learning for better patient care.
How Fedarated Learning Is Used In
Healthcare
Federated learning is used in healthcare to address a variety of challenges and improve the quality of care
while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Here are some specific use cases for federated learning
in healthcare.
1.Disease Diagnosis and Prediction:
1. Federated learning can be applied to develop machine learning models for disease diagnosis and
prediction. Multiple healthcare institutions can collaborate to create a more accurate and robust
model, incorporating data from various sources.
2.Medical Imaging:
1. Radiology and pathology departments in different hospitals can use federated learning to train models
for medical image analysis, such as identifying tumors in X-rays, MRIs, or pathology slides. This
helps in achieving high accuracy without sharing sensitive images.
3.Drug Discovery:
1. Pharmaceutical companies can collaborate with various research institutions to develop drug
discovery models. Each institution may have data on different chemical compounds, and federated
learning can help identify potential drug candidates while keeping proprietary information secure.
• 4.Patient Outcome Prediction:
• Hospitals can use federated learning to predict patient outcomes, such as readmission risk or the likelihood of complications
following surgery. This can assist in better patient care and resource allocation.
• 5.Clinical Trials:
• Federated learning can facilitate the coordination of clinical trials across multiple sites. Each site can contribute patient data
without sharing it, making it easier to conduct trials on a larger and more diverse patient population.
• 6.Personalized Treatment Recommendations:
• Federated learning enables the creation of personalized treatment recommendation models. Patient data from various
sources can be used to tailor treatment plans to an individual's specific health conditions and genetic profile.
• 7.Resource Allocation:
• Hospitals and healthcare systems can use federated learning to optimize resource allocation by analyzing data on patient
admissions, staff availability, and resource utilization across multiple facilities. This can improve the efficiency of
healthcare services.
• 8.Public Health Surveillance:
• Health authorities can use federated learning to monitor the spread of diseases and emerging health trends without
compromising patient privacy. Data from various healthcare facilities can be analyzed to detect outbreaks and track disease
patterns.
• 9.Remote Monitoring:
• Remote monitoring devices, such as wearable health trackers, can use federated learning to enhance predictive analytics for
individuals. These devices can share data with a central model without exposing personal health information.
• 10.Phenotype-Genotype Association Studies:
• Genetic and clinical data from different sources can be combined through federated learning to investigate the relationships
conclusion
In conclusion, federated learning in healthcare represents a groundbreaking approach
that effectively balances the advantages of data-driven insights and machine learning
with the paramount need for patient privacy and data security. It offers a range of
benefits to the healthcare industry, including improved accuracy in medical
diagnoses, predictive analytics, and personalized treatment recommendations.
THANK YOU