STACK EFFECT WIND TOWER

A windcatcher is an architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings.
The stack effect is a phenomenon that occurs because of natural heat transfer. The warm air has a lower
The function of this tower is to catch a cooler breeze that prevails at a higher level above the ground and
density rather than the cold air and raises to the upper part of the building, chimney, towers, etc. stack
to direct it into the interior of the buildings. It is not known who first invented the windcatcher, although
ventilation can be an independent system in construction or as a supporting ventilation system boosted by
some claim it originated in Iran and it can be seen in. Windcatchers come in various designs, such as uni-
many different devices or ventilation strategies.
directional, bi-directional, and multi-directional.
STACK VENTILATION DESIGN
• In a wind tower, the hot air enters the tower through the
GUIDELINES:
openings in the tower, gets cooled, and thus becomes
Some of the design parameters are as below:
• Location and orientation of the structure. heavier and sinks down.
• The inlet and outlet of rooms induce cool air movement.
• Size of the building.
• In the presence of wind, the air is cooled more effectively
• Building plans and layout.
• Shape, type, location, and orientation of the doors and flows faster down the tower and into the living area.
• After a whole day of air exchanges, the tower becomes
and windows.
• Construction process and details warm in the evenings.
• During the night, cooler ambient air comes in contact with
• Urban planning
• The outdoor environment and the neighborhood the bottom of the tower through the rooms.
buildings

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE

NATURAL VENTILATION PRN: 2000701014

CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III
COURTYARD EFFECT CROSS VENTILATION
A courtyard is an open-air area surrounded by tall walls or buildings, typically located in a building’s center. When placing ventilation openings, you are placing inlets and outlets to optimize the path air follows
Modern courtyards are an architectural feature most commonly seen in office spaces and universities, where through the building. Windows or vents placed on opposite sides of the building give natural breezes a
students and workers can relax, eat, or talk to peers. Courtyards are a less-common feature in homes, but they pathway through the structure. This is called cross-ventilation. Cross-ventilation is generally the most
are growing in popularity as homeowners want more space for outdoor dining, exercising, and parties. effective form of wind ventilation.
• A courtyard could be a great addition to the middle BENEFITS OF NATURAL CROSS-VENTILATION:
of your tropical home. It is a great way to increase • It is an eco-friendly practice with its own benefits both
natural ventilation and light in your interior rooms. financially and environmentally
• Central courtyards can connect rooms and to nature. • It consumes less energy than comparative mechanical
These can incorporate plants, trees, gardens, ventilation systems.
fountains, ponds, pools and other water features. • It brings down the room temperature quite efficiently.
• They are also more private and secure than patios • There would be no remnants of stale air in the living
and other outdoor spaces. However, they do not environment which is pleasant and healthy living.
offer the opportunity for views as patios and decks • Minimal maintenance, No filter replacement.
do. • No dirty ducts to be cleaned.
• Courtyards create a functional, outdoor • Studies have shown that those who are living in homes
environment within your home that is pleasant, with natural ventilation have fewer building related
safe, and a joy to be in. syndrome symptoms such as headaches, eye irritation
etc.
• More natural sunlight/daylight in your living rooms.

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE

NATURAL VENTILATION PRN: 2000701014

CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III
 HVAC DUCTING PLACEMENT OF AIR VENTS
HVAC cycle air between the inside of your home and the cooling unit through the air ducts, which HEIGHT
require entry points in each room to allow quick and efficient access to the central cooling system. Height can be flexible. Depending on the duct systems, they can in the floor or ceiling. The supply
vents,which push air throughout your space, must be in the proper place. Your heating and cooling
systems, as well as the construction of your space, will determine the height.

ROOM PLACEMENT
Large rooms should have at least one supply register. The supply register should also not be too close to
doors, so the air does not escape.

WINDOW PLACEMENT
For optimum flow, most spaces are designed with supply registers close to the windows. The warm air
pushed up from the vents can create a buffer layer against the window.

6250 CFM
25000 CFM 600MM X 600MM
12500 CFM
1500MM X 600MM
1000MM X 600MM
AHU

1000MM X 600MM
25000CFM

12500 CFM
LOCATION: D-Mart, Ravet. Large duct:

600MM X 600MM
6250 CFM
1.5M x 0.6M
1500MM X 600MM
25000 CFM

600MM X 600MM
6250 CFM
Small duct:
0.6M x 0.6M
AHU ROOM:
8M x 8M D-mart ducting layout and supply vents.

AHU 6250 CFM

SUPPLY
AIR VENT:
600MM X 600MM

25000 CFM
600MM X 600MM

0.6M x 0.6M
6250 CFM

DEPARTMENTAL
STORE
RETURN
25000 CFM
12500 CFM
1500MM X 600MM
1000MM X 600MM 6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM

TYPES OF AIR VENTS:

1000MM X 600MM
12500 CFM

• EGG CRATE GRILLE

• LINEAR GRILLE
• TRANSFER GRILLE
• LOUVERE BLADED DIFFUSER
600MM X 600MM
6250CFM

• LINEAR SLOT DIFFUSER

• JET DIFFUSER
• SQUARE DIFFSURE

6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM

HVAC DUCTING LAYOUT

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE
HVAC DUCTING CASE STUDY PRN: 2000701014
CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III
 HVAC DUCTING FOR MALL
LOCATION: Panjim, Goa.
AC LOAD CALCULATIONS.
• Total area into consideration = 400 sq.m.
6250 CFM 12500 CFM 25000 CFM
1500MM X 600MM
• Required tonnage for given area = 39.56
600MM X 600MM 1000MM X 600MM

TR
• Equipment load = 6114 BTU/HR.
AHU • Heat load due to occupancy = 45000
25000 CFM BTU/HR.
LARGE 4M X 5M
SHOP 3 S. SHOP 3 S. SHOP 4 • Lighting load = 20787.6 BTU/HR.
• Increment in load due to air change =
84067.5 BTU/HR.
SECTION A-A’ • Total heat load = 210995 BTU/HR.
• Total heat load = 57.14 TR. = 55 TR.

6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM
12500 CFM SIZING OF DUCT CALCULATIONS.
1000MM X 600MM
• Discharge of air ‘Q’ = 25000 CFM.
• Cross section area of duct = 20833 sq. ft.
• Velocity of air flow = 1200 FPM.
• Taking a supply duct of of 12500 CFM.

600MM X 600MM
6250 CFM
Area of duct = 1041 sq. ft.
MID. SHOP 5 consider 2ft height, width = 3.3ft.
(1000mm X 600mm)
MID. SHOP 4 • Duct reduces in size after first zone
LARGE
CFM = 12500/2 = 6250 CFM.
SHOP 3 Area of each duct = 52 sq.ft.
Considering 2ft height, width = 2ft
(600mm X 600mm)

600MM X 600MM

1500MM X 600MM
6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM

25000 CFM
600MM X 600MM
• Return duct sizing

6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM

6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM

600MM X 600MM
6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM

6250 CFM

6250 CFM
6250 CFM

Considering total 25000 CFM

600MM X 600MM
6250 CFM
return air at this final zone.
Area of duct = 20833 sq. ft.
Considering 2ft height, width = 5ft
600MM X 600MM

(1500mm X 600mm)
6250 CFM

600MM X 600MM
6250 CFM

AHU • Taking duct from 6250 CFM

S. SHOP 3
S. SHOP 4
25000 CFM Area of ducts = 52 sq. ft.
4M X 5M
Considering 2ft height , width =
6250 CFM
600MM X 600MM
12500 CFM 25000 CFM
1500MM X 600MM
2ft.
1000MM X 600MM
A A' (600mm X 600mm)
Large duct: Small duct:
1.5M x 0.6M 0.6M x 0.6M

HVAC DUCTING LAYOUT PLAN FOR MALL SUPPLY AIR VENT:

0.6M x 0.6M
RETURN

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE
HVAC DUCTING LAYOUT PRN: 2000701014
CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
FAN CALCULATIONS.
Mechanical ventilation in architecture refers to the use of mechanical
systems to supply fresh air and remove stale air from buildings. This is done
to improve indoor air quality, reduce moisture buildup, and control
temperature and humidity levels. Mechanical ventilation systems can include
air handling units, ducts, fans, filters, and vents. The specific design and
components of a mechanical ventilation system will vary depending on the
size and purpose of the building, local climate conditions, and energy MECHANICAL VENTILATION COMPONENTS
efficiency requirements.

2880.79

3330.89
FAN CALCULATION IN A BEDROOM
• Total Area Of A Bedroom = 30 SQ. M.

2496.41
• Total area ventilated by a 56” fan = 4.88m X 4.88m = 23.82 sq. m.
3336.01

Area covered by a fan

Sr. Component Quantity Compa Specifications

No. ny
1 Ceiling Fan 4 Bajaj 1400MM in diameter
Fan speed and reach of fan
4.88m X 4.88m
Power = 5W
3398.56 2 Exhaust fan 4 Bajaj 266MM in diameter 1350
RPMs
2879.54
Sweep of 150mm
3204.78

Power = 35W
2388.19 3 Air 3 Voltas Capacity of 2 Tons
Conditioner Cooling power 17897 BTUs
Power = 266.50 W

FAN LAYOUT FOR VILLA

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE
MECHANICAL VENTILATION PRN: 2000701014
CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III