Hello!

Green buildings
SESSION-1
9 BILLION TONNES
(1,000,000,000 * 9)
What is a Green building?

 A green building refers to a structure and using

process that is environmentally responsible and
resource efficient throughout a building’s life cycle :
from sitting to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, re novation, and demolition.
 Also known as sustainable building or green
construction or high performance buildings.
 Why a green building?
Economical solutions
 Energy efficient.
 Reduces operational costs.
 Easier maintenance.
 Return on investment.
 Improves occupants productivity.
 Shapes market for green products.
 Economical Construction For Poor.
Environmental friendly
 Protects biodiversity& ecosystems.
 Pollution &Waste Reduction.
 Environmentally responsible& resource efficient
 Temperature Moderation. for a life time.
 Water Conservation.
 Reduces environmental degradation.
 Healthier Lifestyles and Recreation.
 Improved indoor air quality.
How ?
Natural Lighting by mirrors
Natural lighting by dome openings
Pantheon , Rome.
JALIS
Passive Cooling Techniques
PASSIVE COOLING
• Passive cooling systems are least expensive means of cooling a home which
maximizes the efficiency of the building envelope without any use of mechanical
devices.

•It rely on natural heat-sinks to remove heat from the building. They derive cooling
directly from evaporation, convection, and radiation without using any intermediate
electrical devices.

•All passive cooling strategies rely on daily changes in temperature and relative
humidity.

•The applicability of each system depends on the climatic conditions.

•These design strategies reduce heat gains to internal spaces.
- Natural Ventilation
- Earth Air Tunnels
- Shading
- Evaporative Cooling
- Wind Towers
- Passive Down Draught Cooling
- Courtyard Effect
- Roof Sprays
NATURAL VENTILATION
• Outdoor breezes create air movement through the house interior by the
'push-pull' effect of positive air pressure on the windward side and negative
pressure (suction) on the leeward side.
• In order to have a good natural ventilation, openings must be placed at
opposite pressure zones.

• Also, designers often choose to enhance natural ventilation using tall

spaces called stacks in buildings.

•With openings near the top of

stacks, warm air can escape
whereas cooler air enters the
building from openings near the
ground.

•The windows, play a dominant

role in inducing indoor
ventilation due to wind forces.
•In most homes, exhausting the warm air quickly can be a
problem.

•With the design of high ceilings throughout the breeze zone

combined with clerestory windows at the 14′ ceiling height
on three walls, the rising hot air is allowed to escape which in
turn does two things.

•Firstly the rising air creates a low pressure zone on the cool
mass floor, pulling air along the floor from other areas of the
house as well as any open doors.

•Secondly the rising and escaping air creates an interior low

pressure that should pull in large volumes or exterior air from
the patio doors.

•Depending on the primary wind direction and which doors

are opened relative to time of day and shade, we can
create a breeze of cooler incoming air.
 SHADING
•Solar control is a critical requirement for both cooling-load
dominated and passively solar-heated buildings.

•The most effective method of cooling a building is to shade

windows, walls and roof of building from direct solar radiation.

•Heavily insulated walls and roofs need less shading.

•Can use overhangs on outside facade of the building.

Each project should be evaluated depending on its relative cooling
needs:

•Extend the overhang beyond the sides of the window to prevent

solar gain from the side.

•Use slatted or louvered shades to allow more daylight to enter,

while shading windows from direct sunlight.

•Reduce solar heat gain by recessing windows into the wall.

 WIND TOWER
• In a wind tower, the hot air enters the tower through the openings in the
tower, gets cooled, and thus becomes heavier and sinks down.

• The inlet and outlet of rooms induce cool air movement.

• In the presence of wind, air is cooled more effectively and flows faster
down the tower and into the living area.

• After a whole day of air exchanges, the tower becomes warm in the
evenings.

• During the night, cooler ambient air comes in contact with the bottom of
the tower through the rooms.

Wind tower in Jodhpur Hostel to catch

favorable cool wind from south-west
for passive cooling

Building-integrated chimney in Sudha and Atam

Kumar’s residence in New Delhi from effective
ventillation especially during humid season.
•The tower walls absorb heat during daytime and
release it at night, warming the cool night air in
the tower.

• Warm air moves up, creating an upward draft,

and draws cool night air through the doors and
windows into the building.

•The system works effectively in hot and dry

climates where fluctuations are high.

•A wind tower works well for individual units not

for multi-storeyed apartments.

•In dense urban areas, the wind tower has to be

long enough to be able to catch enough air.

• Also protection from driving rain is difficult.

COURTYARD EFFECT
• Due to incident solar radiation in a courtyard, the air gets warmer and rises.

• Cool air from the ground level flows through the louvered openings of rooms surrounding a
courtyard, thus producing air flow.

• At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by convection and radiation.

• If this heat exchange reduces roof surface temperature to wet bulb temperature of air, condensation
of atmospheric moisture occurs on the roof and the gain due to condensation limits further cooling.

Courtyard as a moderator of internal climate

• If the roof surfaces are sloped towards the internal courtyard, the cooled air sinks into
the court and enters the living space through low-level openings, gets warmed up, and
leaves the room through higher-level openings.

• However, care should be taken that the courtyard does not receive intense solar
radiation, which would lead to conduction and radiation heat gains into the building.
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
• Evaporative cooling lowers indoor air temperature by evaporating water.

• It is effective in hot and dry climate where the atmospheric humidity is low.

• In evaporative cooling, the sensible heat of air is used to evaporate water, thereby cooling the air,
which, in turn, cools the living space of the building.

• Increase in contact between water and air increases the rate of evaporation.

• The presence of a water body such as a pond, lake, and sea near the building or a fountain in a
courtyard can provide a cooling effect.

•The most commonly used system is a desert

cooler, which comprises water, evaporative pads,
a fan, and pump.

1. Ground cover
2. Water sprinkler
3. Insulated roof
4. Shading trees
5. Water trough
A TYPICAL SECTION SHOWING PASSIVE SOLAR FEATURES OF WALMI BUILDING,BHOPAL
ROOF SPRAYS EARTH SHELTERED BUILDINGS
Step well constructions
Step well , Rajasthan.
OLYMPICA TECH PARK,BANGLORE.
ITC GREEN CENTRE,GURGEON.
RAJIV GANDHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.
AUROVILLE...
 LOCATED AT???????
Auroville is an township in Vilupurram
district in the state of TamilNadu, India
near Pondicherry in South India.

 It’s location itself is one of the

important factor in familiarizing
Aurovillians to nature for inner peace

It is also called as City Of Dawn.

Located in south India, mostly in the State of Tamil Nadu,

a few kilometers inland from the Coromandel Coast, approx
160 kms south of Chennai (previously Madras) and 10 kms
north of the Town of Pondicherry
 “AUROVILLE”
is a
universal township in the making for a population
of up to 50,000 people from around the world .
Auroville is recognized as the first and only
internationally endorsed ongoing experiment in
human unity and transformation of consciousness.
It currently holds a population of 2257(1553 adults
and 454 minors coming from 43 nationalities, 836
of whom are of Indian origin
WHO…N…WHY..???
Auroville was
Started by “MirraAlfassa” (the mother),
who was a spiritual collaborator of Sri
Aurobindo (an Indian nationalist, freedom
fighter, philosopher, yogi, guru, and poet).

She began this township with

the aim of uniting people of all nations
and creeds from around the world
UNITY IN DIVERSITY..

“
Auroville”
will be a site
of material
and spiritual
researches for
a living
embodiment
of an actual
Human Unity.
OVERALL VIEW…...
MATRIMANDHIR:
( THE SOUL OF AUROVILLE)
The Matrimandir is both the physical and spiritual
center of Auroville. Matrimandir, in Sanskrit, means
"Temple of the Divine Mother". Its inner chamber is
meant to be a place for quiet and concentration, void of
any ritual, where anyone can sit to meditate in silence.
MATRIMANDHIR:

 Physically, the Matrimandir is a 100-foot-high elliptical sphere resting on four pillars

sunk deep into its foundation.
 Each pillar represents an aspect of the Divine Mother: Wisdom, Strength, Harmony,
Perfection. The Matrimandir will be surrounded by a network of 12 gardens and a
lake.
 Inside the upper portion of the Matrimandir is the inner chamber, a 12-sided room
whose walls are lined with white Italian marble.
 At the center is a sphere of pure crystal, 70 cm. in diameter, illuminated by sun light
channeled from an opening at the top of the chamber
SECTION OF MATRIMANDIR
INSIDE MATRIMANDIR
DAWN FIRE
Details about Auroville

EXISTING LAND USE :

 40% is Residential.
 Public spaces about 28%
 Commercial, manufacturing and other economic activities constitute about 12%.
 About 13% is under roads and streets serving both urban and non-urban uses.
 The Commercial area in the Township
includes retail services .
 The Manufacturing use includes about 100
large and small manufacturing and
processing units.
 Public and Semi-Public uses include
amenities such as schools, health facilities,
services and utilities.
 Administrative and Institutional uses include
centre (Bharat Nivas) &Auroville Foundation
offices.  Recreational uses : few
playgrounds, center field.
GREEN PRACTICES…
FOREST..
AGRO…
WATER…
WASTE..
ENERGY…
AUROVILLE ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN:
The design follows the natural slope of the land
with no cut and fills respecting the coastal
dune formation and regulations with the built
form scooping out small open to sky inner
courts connected by a transparent walkway
from the west entry to the east terraces
overlooking the bay . Each space opens to
these screened courts allowing visual privacy
from the invasive developments around site
The architecture here reflects the practice of
innovative design and alternative building
materials. The experiments made in building
technology in Auroville will have far-reaching
implications in terms of design and materials, of
reduction in energy consumption, and adoption
of eco-friendly

HOUSE
HOUSING:
 The present housing in Auroville consists of
individual dwellings, community housing,
apartments and youth hostels.
 Community housing provides for individual
and family living spaces with common kitchen
and other collective facilities.
 The average household size is around 2
persons but in reality there are many single
person households.
 At present there are 767 dwelling units of
various sizes. Types of houses based on
construction materials indicate that the
majority of the houses have used local
materials as well as innovative building
materials such as ferro cement roofs and
panels made locally.
There are also three other earth techniques used in Auroville .
These techniques are very marginally used as only 8
buildings have been built with them:
1. Raw rammed earth, for only two buildings.
2.Adobe blocks, the traditional sun dried mud brick, for two
buildings.
3.Wattle and daub which is mud plastered on a wattle
made of split bamboo or palmyra tree, for 4 buildings.
Through the endeavour of the Auroville earth Institute,
Auroville attempts to revive the traditional skills, which
were lost during the 20th century and demonstrate that
earth is still a noble building material, which can be used
for manifesting a modern, harmonious and progressive
architecture
EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE
 THE CREATION OF EARTH
AUROVILLE CENTRE IN 1983
,AND VISITORS CENTRE IN
1992 AND VIKAS CENTRE IN
1998…..ALL THESE STARTED A
NEW ERA IN EARTHEN
ARCHITECTURE…
VISITORS CENTRE
(HASAN FATHY AWARD IN1992)
 Auroville Architecture
MATERIAL:
Construction materials used are mainly organic and
natural including wood , mud, grass, stabilised earth
bricks and fired bricks. Most of these homes have
sustainable energy systems such as solar.

EARTH INSTITUTE
SUNDRIED BRICKS
STYLE:
STYLE IN MODERN PERIODS
COURTYARD OF TIBETAN CENTRE
 AUROVILLE UNITY PARK

BHARAT NIVAS
TOWNHALL

VERITE LEARNING CENTRE

SAVITRI BHAVAN
Sustainable Technology Within Auroville,
several research institutes are continuously
working on innovative processes to reduce
energy and water use by modifying and
integrating new and existing technologies
and Solar Technology
Solar technology is widely used within the
various communities and is the largest
renewable source of energy in Auroville.
The most common application of solar
technology is for water pumping, water
heating, street lighting, and in some cases
electricity generation.