STACK EFFECT

The stack effect is a phenomenon that occurs because of

natural heat transfer. The warm air has a lower density
rather than the cold air and raises to the upper part of the
building, chimney, towers, etc. stack ventilation can be an
independent system in construction or as a supporting
ventilation system boosted by many different devices or
ventilation strategies.

STACK VENTILATION DESIGN GUIDELINES:

Some of the design parameters are as below:
• Location and orientation of the structure.
• Size of the building.
• Building plans and layout.
• Shape, type, location, and orientation of the doors and
windows.
• Construction process and details
• Urban planning
• The outdoor environment and the neighborhood buildings

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NATURAL NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE
PRN: 2000701014
VENTILATION CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III
WIND TOWER
A windcatcher is an architectural device used for many
centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. The
function of this tower is to catch a cooler breeze that prevails
at a higher level above the ground and to direct it into the
interior of the buildings. It is not known who first invented
the windcatcher, although some claim it originated in Iran and
it can be seen in. Windcatchers come in various designs, such
as uni-directional, bi-directional, and multi-directional.

• In a wind tower, the hot air enters the tower through the
openings in the tower, gets cooled, and thus becomes
heavier and sinks down.
• The inlet and outlet of rooms induce cool air movement.
• In the presence of wind, the air is cooled more effectively
and flows faster down the tower and into the living area.
• After a whole day of air exchanges, the tower becomes
warm in the evenings.
• During the night, cooler ambient air comes in contact with
the bottom of the tower through the rooms.

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NATURAL NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE
PRN: 2000701014
VENTILATION CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III
COURTYARD EFFECT
A courtyard is an open-air area surrounded by tall walls or
buildings, typically located in a building’s center. Modern
courtyards are an architectural feature most commonly seen in
office spaces and universities, where students and workers
can relax, eat, or talk to peers. Courtyards are a less-common
feature in homes, but they are growing in popularity as
homeowners want more space for outdoor dining, exercising,
and parties.
• A courtyard could be a great addition to the middle of
your tropical home. It is a great way to increase natural
ventilation and light in your interior rooms.
• Central courtyards can connect rooms and to nature. These
can incorporate plants, trees, gardens, fountains, ponds,
pools and other water features.
• They are also more private and secure than patios and
other outdoor spaces. However, they do not offer the
opportunity for views as patios and decks do.
• Courtyards create a functional, outdoor environment
within your home that is pleasant, safe, and a joy to be in.

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NATURAL NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE
PRN: 2000701014
VENTILATION CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III
CROSS VENTILATION
When placing ventilation openings, you are placing inlets and
outlets to optimize the path air follows through the building.
Windows or vents placed on opposite sides of the building
give natural breezes a pathway through the structure. This is
called cross-ventilation. Cross-ventilation is generally the
most effective form of wind ventilation.
BENEFITS OF NATURAL CROSS-VENTILATION:
• It is an eco-friendly practice with its own benefits both
financially and environmentally
• It consumes less energy than comparative mechanical
ventilation systems.
• It brings down the room temperature quite efficiently.
• There would be no remnants of stale air in the living
environment which is pleasant and healthy living.
• Minimal maintenance, No filter replacement.
• No dirty ducts to be cleaned.
• Studies have shown that those who are living in homes
with natural ventilation have fewer building related
syndrome symptoms such as headaches, eye irritation etc.
• More natural sunlight/daylight in your living rooms.

SYMBIOSIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING, KIWALE.

NATURAL NAME: KAUSTUBH VIJAY KINGE
PRN: 2000701014
VENTILATION CLASS: T. Y. B.ARCH (SEM-VI)
SUBJECT: BUILDING SERVICES- III