Chapter 1

Biodiversity

PREPARED BY:
SIR MOHAMMAD ZAIDI BIN MD ZAIN
SMK BUKIT BANDARAYA, BANGSAR
 1.1 Diversity of
BIODIVER organisms Classification of
1.2 Classification of animal
organisms Classification of
plant
 1.1
Diversity of
Organisms
Elaborate and communicate
about biodiversity.

Justify the needs to manage

biodiversity effectively.
What is Biodiversity?

Living things

BIOLOGY

BIODIVERSITY

DIVERSITY

Many types
Definition of Biodiversity
• The diversity of organisms, whether microorganisms,
animals or plants.
• Many different types of living things.
Malaysia – one of the 12 megabiodiversity countries

Equatorial
climate
 Why does biodiversity exists?
Habitat Climate

Desert Polar regions

 Why does biodiversity exists?
Habitat Climate

Soil Sea
 THE IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

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 1. Sources of food

Animals and plants supply food to humans.

 2. Balance in nature

Cycle of nutrients, pollination and interaction between organisms create

balance in nature.
 3. Recreational Places

Areas that are rich in biodiversity can be developed as recreational places.

 4. Medical

Herbs are widely used in the manufacture of medicines and cosmetics.

5. Raw materials for industries
Timber, bamboo
and rattan are
examples of forest
products which are
used to make
musical
instruments,
furniture and to
build buildings.
 6. Education
Humans increase
knowledge and create
new technology through
scientific research on
microorganisms, animals
and plants.
 Effective Biodiversity Management

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Ways to Preserve
and Conserve
Biodiversity
Ways to Preserve and Conserve Biodiversity

1. Banning the killing or trade of endemic and

endangered animals and plants.
Endemic?
Endemic species means:

A species that lives in clusters within a restricted

habitat in a specific location.
Examples of endemic plants / animals in Malaysia

Rafflesia

Pitcher plant
Examples of endemic plants / animals in Malaysia

Malayan Tiger Leatherback Turtle

Examples of endemic plants / animals in Malaysia

Borneo Pygmy Elephant

 Ways to Preserve and Conserve Biodiversity
1. Banning the killing or trade of endemic and
endangered animals and plants.
2. Protecting the habitat through creating national
parks and forest reserves.
3. Undertaking reproductive programmes such as
seedling nurseries to help with reforestation and
turtle hatcheries.
4. Recyle materials such as used papers to reduce
deforestation.
CLASSIFICATION
OF ANIMALS
SIR MOHAMMAD ZAIDI BIN MD ZAIN

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Differentiate animal using dichotomous
key based on common characteristic

Characterise the major taxonomy

group.
 Organisms

Animals Plants
 Organisms

Animals Plants
 Organisms

Animals without
a backbone
Animals Plants

Invertebrates Vertebrates

Animals with a
backbone
 3 pairs of legs

With legs

More than 3 pairs

of legs

Invertebrates

With segmented
body

Without legs

Without segmented
body

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Invertebrates 3 pairs of legs

Butterfly Cockroach Ant

 More than 3
Invertebrates Spider Prawn
pairs of legs

Horseshoe crab

Centipede Scorpion
 3 pairs of legs

With legs

More than 3 pairs

of legs

Invertebrates

With segmented
body

Without legs

Without
segmented body

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 With
Invertebrates
segmented body

Earthworm Tapeworm Leech

 Without
Invertebrates Corals Sponge
segmented body

Sea Anemone

Planaria Snail
 Organisms

Animals without
a backbone
Animals Plants

Invertebrates Vertebrates
Animals with a
backbone
 Fish

Amphibians

Vertebrates Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

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 Important!
Poikilotherm
- Cold blooded
- Body temperature that changes
according to its surrounding temperature

Homeotherm
- Warm blooded
- Body temperature that is constant and
free from the influence of its surrounding
temperature
 Important!
Internal Fertilisation
- The male deposits his sperm into the
female’s body

External Fertilisation
- Male and female’s gametes unite
outside the female’s body
 Fish

Amphibians

Vertebrates Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

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 Vertebrates Fish Eel
Grouper

• Poikilothermic
• Covered in hard and slimy
scales
• Have fins and a tail Clown Fish
• Breathe through gills
• Lay eggs
• Undergo external fertilisation
 Vertebrates Amphibians Frog Spawn

• Poikilothermic
• Live on land and in water
Tadpole Frog
• Covered with moist skin
• Young amphibians breathe through
gills
• Adult amphibians breathe using
their lungs and moist skin Toad
• Produce jelly-like eggs (spawn)
without a shell Salamander
• Undergo external fertilisation
 Vertebrates Reptiles
Turtle
• Poikilothermic
• Produce eggs with a shell
• Breathe through lungs
• Have scales and hard skin
• Undergo internal fertilisation Iguana

Snake Crocodile
 Vertebrates Birds Kingfisher Owl

• Homeothermic
• Covered with feathers to
maintain body temperature
• Breathe through lungs
• Have wings that help some birds
to fly
• Have a pair of scaly feet Duck
• Undergo internal fertilisation
• Produce eggs with hard shell
 Vertebrates Mammals Giraffe
Bat
• Homeothermic
• Covered with fur or hair
• Breathe through lungs
• Undergo internal
fertilisation
• Give birth and nurse their Lion
young

Elephant
 Homeothermic
Fish

Amphibians

Vertebrates Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

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 Vertebrates Poikilothermic
Fish

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

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 Fish
Internal
Fertilisation

Amphibians

Vertebrates Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

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 Vertebrates
External
Fish Fertilisation

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

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Dolphin Mammal
Whale

Mammal
 Shark

Fish
 Classification of plants
NON-
FLOWERING
FLOWERING
PLANTS
PLANTS

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
 NON-FLOWERING
PLANTS
Conifers (vascular plant. eg: pine, casuarina)

reproduce b
y forming
seeds inside of
pine cones
 NON-FLOWERING Vascular
PLANTS plant
Ferns
Reproduce by spore,
grow in damp places
 NON-FLOWERING
PLANTS
Mosses Non-
Reproduce by spore, Vascular
grow in damp places plant
 FLOWERING
PLANTS
Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

COTYLEDON
The storage food
will be used by the
seed to germinate

One cotyledon Two cotyledon

MONOCOTYLEDO DICOTYLEDON
N
ONE NUMBER OF TWO
COTYLEDON
FIBROUS TYPES OF ROOT TAP
SYSTEM
PARALLEL VEIN PATTERNS NET-WORK
OF LEAVES

NON-WOODY TYPES OF STEM WOODY

MONOCOTYLEDO DICOTYLEDON
N
FIBROUS TYPES OF ROOT TAP
SYSTEM
MONOCOTYLEDO DICOTYLEDON
N
PARALLEL VEIN PATTERNS NET-WORK
OF LEAVES
MONOCOTYLEDO DICOTYLEDON
N
NON-WOODY TYPES OF STEM WOODY
MONOCOTYLEDO GRASS
N

COCONU ORCHID
T PALM

MAIZE
DICOTYLEDON

MANGO TREE
HIBISCUS
PLANT

SUNFLOWER
PLANT