DENTAL WAXES

PRESENTATION BY
G.JAYASURYA
GUIDED BY
Dr.K.PRABHU
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 Classification of Waxes
 Composition of Waxes
 Properties of Waxes
 Inlay Wax
 Casting Wax
 Baseplate Wax or Modeling Wax
 Sticky Wax
 Utility Wax
 Boxing Wax
 Corrective Impression Wax
 Bite Registration Wax

DENTAL WAX
 DEFINITION : Dental wax can be defined as a
Thermoplastic molding material that is solid at
room temperature and when subjected to
moderate temperatures becomes a low viscosity
liquid.Waxes are esters of fatty acid, alcohol, or
hydrocarbons. They are insoluble in water but
soluble in most organic solvents.
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL WAXES
 Classification of dental waxes based on their
application in dentistry.
Type of Wax Uses
Impression wax Corrective wax
Biteplate wax
Soft impression wax
Disclosing wax

Processing wax boxing wax

Beading wax
Sticky wax
Carding and blockout wax
White and utility waxes
Pattern wax Inlay wax
Resin wax
Casting wax
Baseplate wax
CLASSIFICATION OF WAXES ACCORDING TO
ORIGIN:
MINERALS •Paraffin wax - Refined from crude oil, has relatively low
melting point (50-70°C) and relatively brittle.
•Ceresin wax - Refined from petroleum, has medium
melting range (60°C)

PLANTS •Carnauba-Obtained from palm trees, it is hard, tough,

and has high melting point (80-85°C).
• Candelilla -It is hard, tough, and has high melting point
(80-85°C), used to increase the melting point and reduce
flow at mouth temperature

ANIMALS Stearin Obtained from beef fat, has low melting point.
Bees wax -Obtained from honey-comb, consist of partially
crystalline natural polyester. It is brittle, has medium
melting temperature (60-70°C)

SYNTHETIC WAXES
They are used to modify some properties of natural
waxes like polyethylene
COMPOSITION OF WAXES
BASE AND MODIFIER WAXES

NAME ORIGIN COMPOSITION MELTING DENSITY

POINT
PARAFFIN WAX

DIFFERENT
WAXES
CONT..
DIFFERENT
WAXES
PROPERTIES OF WAXES
 THERMAL PROPERTIES

 SOLID SOLID TRANSITION TEMPERATURE(softening

temperature or glass transition temperature)
 Temperature at which a sharp increase in coefficient
of thermal expansion which occurs indicating
increased molecular mobility.
 In waxes, at this temperature, transition from a
stable crystal lattice (orthorhombic) to hexagonal
form occurs.(DO NOT-MELT)
CO-EFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION

 Higher C.O.T.E than any other dental material

 Value: 350×10-6/°C
 On heating, may expand 0.7% when temp is
increased 20 °C
 On cooling from 37°C to 25 °C, a linear shrinkage
of 0.35% occurs
MELTING RANGE
 contain several types ofmolecules, each having a
range of molecular weights,they have melting
ranges rather than melting points,eg
 Paraffin:40-70 °C
 Microcrystalline: 60-90 °C
 Bees wax: 65-70 C°

 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY:Low thermal conductivity

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
 Low compressive strength
 Low modulus of elasticity

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Flow: The property of flow results from the slippage of molecules
over each other.
•
.• Amount of flow depends upon:

• Temperature of the wax the

• force bringing about the deformation
• the time the force is applied
INTERNAL STRESSES
•Waxes have low thermal conductivity making it difficult to achieve
uniform heating.

•If a wax is adapted to shape without adequate heating considerable

stresses will develop in the wax.

• If then the wax is warmed, relief of stresses will occur resulting in

distortion or warpage of wax pattern.

DUCTILITY
•It is the ability of a material to be plastically deformed

• it is indicated by plastic strain.The ductility of a material

represents its ability to be drawn into wire under a force of tension.

•It is a property related to the workability of a material in the mouth

(It is related to burnishability of margins of pattern or casting).

• Wide melting ranges- greater ductility.

The pattern for the metallic framework of removable partial dentures and
other similar structures is fabricated from casting waxes.

•Available in the form of sheets,usually of 28- and 30-gauge (0.40 and 0.32
mm) thickness,
BASEPLATE WAX / MODELLING WAX
 It is a type of pattern wax.
 Supplied as: Sheets of pink or red colour. -
Dimensions-8.5cm wide, 15cm long, 1.5mm thick
 USES
 To make occlusal rims
 Register vertical dimension
 Hold artificial teeth to base plate.
 Contour the denture after teeth is set.
 Impression tray extensions
 Custom tray spacers.
 Orthodontic appliance patternTo check occlusal
clearance after tooth preparation.
 Also used to check the various articulating relations in
the mouth and to transfer them to
STICKY WAX
•It is a type of processing wax.

•It is sticky when melted, with a max 5 %flow at 30 C° and 90 % at

43 C°

•It adheres closely to the surfaces when applied to it.

•If movement occurs the wax tends to fracture than distort.

USES

•It is used to align fractured parts of acrylic dentures

•It is used to align fixed partial denture units before soldering

UTILITY WAXES

 Processing wax.

 Supplied as : It is available in the form of sticks and

sheets. Orange or dark red in colour. In orthodontics,
periphery wax is white in colour

 Flow at 37.5C°- min. 65 % and max. 80%.

 Pliable and tacky at 21-24

 Uses:
 It
can be used to alter the stock tray extensions.
 The height of the tray can be increased posterior
extensions can be increased .
BEADING WAX & BOXING WAX
• Processing wax.

USES:
• Beading wax is adapted around the impression
borders to create the land area of the cast

• Boxing wax is used to build up vertical walls

around the impression in order to pour the gypsum
product to make a cast base.

• Supplied as : Boxing wax as sheets.

• beading wax as strips.
CARDING WAX

BITE REGISTRATIONWAX
DISCLOSING WAX

Also called 'pressure indicator wax'.

Identify unequal pressure points in a denture.
Creamy wax used to repair wax pattern defects

LOW FUSING IMPRESSION WAX

•The melting point must be low enough to make the application to the
compound " snap" impression an easy and safe procedure.

•It must have a " flow" such that ti will accurately copy minute detail under a
moderate pressure.
MOUTH TEMPERATURE WAXES
•Thermplastic impression material.

• Most commonly used waxes-Korecta waxes and lowa waxes

• Recording functional or supporting form of edentulous ridge

•Relining

•Correct borders of impression made of more rigid materials to

establish more optimum contact at denture borders.
CORRECTIVE IMPRESSION WAX
Wax in combination with resins of low melting point can be used in
corrective impression technique in partial and complete denture prosthesis.

CAD-CAM WAXES
• Laser opaque and light opaque sculpturing waxes.
• Suitable for casting metals and pressing ceramic ingots.
• Available in the form of discs of various colours.

WAX ARTICULATING PAPER

• To detect high points after tooth preparation or during crown insertion.

• COMPOSITION-Waxes, oils and pigments, a hydrophobic mixture which
repels saliva.
LIGHT CURING WAXES
Wax patterns of the metallic frameworks of the removable partial dentures
can be m a d e directly on the cast, using waxes like: Ti-Light or LiWa
INLAY WAXES
 • ADA specification - no 4
 Type of pattern wax
 Various colours (Blue, green, purple)
 Available in sticks, cakes, blocks

 USES:Preparation of wax pattern for cast metal

restorations like inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges

 TYPES
 Type1 (soft) For indirect technique
 Type 2 (Hard/Medium) For direct technique
 COMPOSITION:•
Paraffin wax: 60%•
Carnauba wax: 20%•
Ceresin wax: 10% •
Bees wax: 5%•
Gum Dammar: 5%

 PROPERTIES OF INLAY WAXES

 When softened wax should be uniform.

 Colour should contrast with the die material.
 Should Vaporize completely during burnout (500° C).
 Wax should not pull or chip during carving.
 Wax pattern should be completely rigid &
dimensionally stable
MANIPULATION OF INLAY WAXES
 DIRECT TECHNIQUE
 Softened the stick of wax over the flame.
 Inserted into the cavity & held under finger pressure.
 Allow to cool gradually at mouth temperature.
 Withdraw the wax pattern carefully.

o INDIRECT TECHNIQUE

o Pattern is prepared over a lubricated die.If molten

wax used, very little stresses occur.

 METHODS OF INDIRECT TECHNIQUE

o Dipping Method - In full crowns.
o Die is dipped in hot liquid wax.
o Softening In Warm Water - Not recommended.
INDIRECT TECHNIQUE
IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
 Easy to mould when softened and NOT tear or
flakeCapable of being melted and solidified a
number of times without change in properties

 No residue to be left after lost wax technique

Should have low thermal contraction

 Correct flow properties.

 Good colour contrast with oral tissues

 Easy to carve without chipping

INSTRUMENTATION
P T INSTRUMENTS
Dr. Peter K Thomas introduced hand instruments for waxing
procedures.Among the popular instruments are PKT's from no 1-- 5

PKT No 1: large increments of wax

PKT No 2 : small additions of wax
PKT No 3 : burnish and carve occlusal surface
PKT No 4 :designed as an all purpose carver
PKT No 5: to refine triangular ridges and occlusal grooves

PKT 1 PKT 2
PKT 4 PKT 5
ELECTRIC WAXING UNITS
• It is has wax pens with interchangeable tips and includes a n electric
temperature indicator to maintain tip temperature