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WAXES
By
Dr Samreen Ahmed
Dept of Dental Materials
Introduction
Waxes are thermoplastic material which are
normally solid at room temperature but melt,
without decomposition to form mobile liquids.
INDIRECT TECHNIQUES
• Model wax pattern of the appliance
replaced by polymer or alloy
DIRECT WAX PATTERN
DIRECT WAX PATTERN
• Inlay wax is shaped and adopted in the
prepared cavity e.g. in making inlays.
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REQUIREMENTS OF WAX PATTERN
MATERIALS
• The wax pattern must conform to the exact size,
shape and contour of the appliance which is to be
constructed
• No dimensional change should occur once the wax
pattern is formed
pattern is formed
• After formation of the casting mould it should be
possible to remove the wax by boiling out or burning
out without leaving a residue.
• Should be able to record details on the flow of the
material at the moulding temperature.
COMPOSITION
N
• These could be of animal, mineral and plant a
origin. t
1. Mineral: Paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax are u
obtained from petroleum residue. r
2. Animal wax: Beeswax derived from honey comb. a
l
3. Vegetable wax: Carnuaba wax and candelila wax w
are derived from trees and plants. a
x
e
s
PROPERTIES OF DENTAL WAXES
• Thermal Expansion
• They have the largest coefficient of thermal
expansion than any other material in dentistry.
• They have a predominantly crystalline structure and
have a well‐defined melting point.
• At solid– solid transition temp, the change in crystal
structure is accompanied by a change in mechanical
properties.
• The wax is converted from a relatively brittle solid to
a much softer, mouldable form. (softening temp)
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• The wax is converted from a relatively brittle
solid to a much softer, mouldable form.
(softening temp)
• Wax can be softened by using water bath,
Wax can be softened by using water bath
bunsen burner, infrared lamp and wax
annealer.
• Mechanical properties
• The elastic modulus, proportional limit, and
compressive strength are low and depends on
temperature.
• Brittleness is another important property which
the manufacturers can, to some extent, control.
E.g. inlay waxes, brittleness is preferred in order
that the wax will fracture rather than distort on
removal from an undercut cavity.
• Flow
• Is dependent on temperature of wax, the
force brining the deformation and the time
the force is applied
the force is applied.
• Flow increases as the melting point is reached.
• E.g. Direct inlay wax should have high flow a
few degrees above mouth temperature.
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CLASSIFICATION OF WAXES
PATTERN PROCESSING IMPRESSION
Inlay Boxing Corrective
Casting Utility Bite
Baseplate sticky ‐
1: PATTERN WAXES
• Pattern waxes are used to form the general
predetermined size and contour of an artificial dental
restoration.
1: PATTERN WAXES..con’td
1. Casting waxes: used for making patterns for
making metallic framework of removable partial
dentures and other similar structures.
• Available in the form of sheets.
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1: PATTERN WAXES..con’td
2. Base plate wax: used on base plate tray to
establish the vertical dimension, plane of occlusion
and initial arch form during complete denture
fabrication.
Types:
I. Soft‐ contours and veneers
II. Hard‐ pattern to be tried in mouth
III. Extra hard‐ to be tried in mouth in hot weather.
1: PATTERN WAXES..con’td
3. Inlay wax: Used in making patterns of inlays and
cast post.
• Types
1. Type1: Soft‐ used for indirect techniques e.g inlay & cast
post.
2. Type 2: Hard‐ mostly for direct and sometimes for
indirect techniques too. E.g inlays and crowns
2: PROCESSING WAX
• They are used primarily used as auxiliary aids in
constructing variety of restorations and appliances.
• E.g in making of dentures and soldering
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Processing Wax
1. Boxing Wax: used in making wax box around the
impression into which freshly mixed plaster is
poured.
Processing Wax
2. Utility Wax: used as adhesive wax for stabilizing
various prosthesis.
3. Sticky Wax: It is sticky and adheres closely to the
surface when applied.
surface when applied
used to assemble metallic or resin pieces in a fixed
temporary position.
3: IMPRESSION
WAXES
• Wax formulated for use as an impression material
exhibits high flow and ductility.
• It distorts readily when withdrawn from undercut
areas. Therefore, the use of wax has been limited to
the non‐undercut edentulous portions of the mouth
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IMPRESSION
WAXES..cont’d
1. Corrective Wax: used as wax veneers over an
original impression to contact and register the
detail of the soft tissues.
2. Bite Registration Wax:
Bite Registration Wax: used to accurately
used to accurately
articulate certain model of opposite quadrants.