College of commerce, IPSA

Internal Exam – I
Session- 2023-2024
B.Com - II Year

Subject Name- Business Statistics

Topic - Diagram - Types and guidelines for diagrammatic presentation

Submitted To:
Name of Faculty:-
Mr. Vaibhav Sharma Submitted By –
Name- Hare Krishna Kumar
Stream- CA
Contact No. 7224881311
 Introduction of Diagrams

 A diagram is a visual form for presentation of

statistical data , highlighting their basic facts and
relationship . The words graph , chart and
diagram are used interchangeably S
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for the
pictorial representation ofer c
thee ,statistical data.
o m m
e fC
O
 l e g
Theolstatistical data are represented on the graph
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paper, using rectangular co-ordinate system ; the
picture of figures obtained may be called a
diagram or chart or graph.

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 Objects of Diagrams

1. To make a quick , lasting and accurate impression of the

significant facts because diagrams are very attractive ,
impressive and interesting .

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S diagrams do not
To make data simple and intelligible, because
2.
strain the mind of observer.m e r c e
C o m
e g eOf
3. l
Col time and labour in grasping the facts of the data and in
To save
drawing the conclusion.

4. To have a visual guide as tools of analysis in the planning

mathematical computation and general procedure of research
study.

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 Utility and advantages of diagrams

1. Diagrams occupy an important place in statistical method and

have extreme utility. Diagram are found in newspapers ,
advertisements , exhibitions ., propaganda P
, I SA etc.
posters,
c e
me r
omfor the businessman ,statesman ,
2.
O C
They serve a stormfsignal
e g
engineer, letc.
l ethey are forceful engines of research for
Co, technology and industry .
science

3. Diagrams have universal utility and are widely used in

economic, business, administration, social and other field.

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Diagrams are extremely useful because of the following reasons:

1. Bird’s eye -view :- Diagrams give a bird’s eye-view of the

entire data .
2. Attractive and impressive :- Diagram are attractive to the eye
and create lasting impression.
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3.
r c
Comparison :- Diagrams facilitate
e e , comparison of statistical
o m mperiods of time or different regions.
data relating to different
O f C:- Diagrams give more information than the
4.
l e e
More Information
g
ol presented in tabular form.
Cdata

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Limitations or Drawbacks of diagrammatic representation

1. Need of some same characteristic for comparison:- The

diagrams constructed with same characteristic are only
comparable.
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m e
To present a precise difference ce ,
r is not possible:- It is not
2.
C o m difference between two sets of
e O f
possible to present a precise
l
data lin
o eag diagrams. Diagrams can show only approximate
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value.

3. Need of double presentation:- Use of an inappropriate diagram

may distort the facts and mislead the reader by giving a wrong
impression.

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 General Rules For Drawing Diagrams

• Selection of proper diagram :- Extreme care should be taken in

the selection of proper diagram after careful study of the data
and by experience.

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PS diagram.
•
e r c e ,
Suitable title :- There should be a brief title of the

C o mm
• Attractive :- The e O f
diagram should be a attractive and self
o l
explanatory. l eg
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• Index :- The index of the colours or symbols used in the diagram
should be given on the top corner of the diagrams.

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 Kinds of diagrams

The diagrams in common use are:-

• Dimensional Diagram:-
a) One dimensional diagram
Two dimensional diagram
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b)

c) Three dimensional diagram.

e r c e ,
• Pictograms
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•

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Cartograms or Map
eg
diagrams
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 One Dimensional Diagrams or Bar Diagrams

In one dimensional diagrams we consider only one dimension .

These are the simplest and one of the most common diagrams.
Such diagrams are in the form of :-

1. Line diagrams
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2. Bar diagrams
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e ge O
C o l l

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 General Guidelines

 Every diagram needs to have its own unique title, which

should be concise and self-explanatory.
 Dimensions: The diagram’s dimensions should be
correct, meaning that they should not be overly small
or very large.

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Paper is utilised, and blank paper is typically used
I
while drawing diagrams.
m e r ce ,

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Scale: With respect to one-dimensional diagrams,
f
e ge O
particularly bar diagrams, the y-axis is more significant
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from the perspective of the decision of scale because
magnitude is represented along this axis.
 Index: When two or more variables are shown and
different types of line or shading patterns are used to
distinguish between them, an index must be given in
order to show the specifics of those variables.

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 A

Thank You
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