NOISE IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

• Noise in a communication system is basically undesirable or unwanted signals that get randomly
added to the actual information carrying signal.

• causes disturbances in the original signal being transmitted from an end to another.

• ultimately causes errors in the communication system.

• Noise can limit the range of systems.

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NOISE IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

• Many disturbances of an electrical nature produce noise in receivers, modifying the signal in an
unwanted manner.

• In radio receivers,
-noise may produce hiss in the loudspeaker output.
In television receivers
"snow"· or "confetti" (colored snow) becomes superimposed on the picture.

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CATEGORIES OF NOISE

• 1. Correlated Noise
- (mutually related) to the signal and cannot be present in a circuit unless there is signal present or
not.
2. Uncorrelated Noise
- Is present regardless a signal is present or not

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• 1. External noise
-Noise that is generated outside the device or circuit.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• A.) Atmospheric Noise

• Static is caused by lightning discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electric disturbances occurring
in the atmosphere.
• it is spread over most of the RF spectrum normally used for broadcasting.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• B.) Extra-terrestrial Noise

- Also called deep space noise.
- It is safe to say that there are almost as many types of space noise as there are sources. For convenience, a
division into two subgroups will suffice.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• B.) Extra-terrestrial Noise

Solar Noise
The sun radiates so many things our way that we should not be too surprised to find that noise is noticeable
among them.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• B.) Extra-terrestrial Noise

Solar Noise
Normal “quiet” condition
- there is a constant noise radiation from the sun, simply because it is a large body at a very high temperature
(over 6000°C on the surface) ). It therefore radiates over a very broad frequency spectrum which includes the
frequencies ·we use for communications.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

Solar Flare
• B.) Extra-terrestrial Noise
Sunspot

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• B.) Extra-terrestrial Noise

Cosmic Noise
Sources are continuously distributed throughout the galaxy
Also called Black-body Noise
Since distant stars are also suns and have high temperatures, they radiate RF noise.in the same manner as our
sun, and what they lack in nearness they nearly make up in numbers which in combination can become
significant.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• B.) Extra-terrestrial Noise

Cosmic Noise
The noise received is called thermal (or black-body) noise and is distributed fairly uniformly over the entire
sky. We also receive noise from the center of our own galaxy (the Milky Way), from other galaxies.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• C.) Man-Made Noise

• Noise that is produced by man-kind

• Also called industrial noise for populated metropolitan and industrial areas
• the intensity of noise made by humans easily outstrips noise created by any other source, internal or
external to the receiver,.
• sources such as auto mobile and aircraft ignition, electric motors and switching equipment, leakage from
high-voltage lines and a multitude of other heavy electric machines are all included.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• 1. Internal Noise
• Is electrical interference generated within a device or circuit

A) Thermal-Agitation Noise
The noise generated in a resistance or the resistive component is random and is referred to as
thermal, agitation, white or Johnson noise.

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UNCORRELATED NOISE

• 2. Internal Noise
B.) Shot Noise

• It is caused by random variations in the arrival of electrons (or holes) at the output electrode of an
amplifying device and appears as a randomly varying noise current superimposed on the output.
• in all amplifying devices and virtually all active devices.

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